Effects of HealthWise South Africa on condom use self-efficacy.

The present study examines the impact of the HealthWise South Africa prevention intervention on condom use self-efficacy. Students from the Cape Town area were assessed at the beginning and end of each school year, beginning in the 8th grade and ending in the 11th. The intervention was delivered in 12 lessons during the 8th grade and 6 lessons during the 9th grade. Using three-level multiphase mixed-effects models, we found that HealthWise had a statistically significant positive effect on condom use self-efficacy, although effects differed for boys and girls. HealthWise had an effect during the first phase of the intervention (8th grade) for girls and during the second phase (9th grade) for boys. We speculate that the gender differences occur because the 8th grade lessons of the intervention taught skills such as discussion, decision making, and negotiation, which may be more salient to girls, and a 9th grade lesson explicitly focused on condom use within the context of sexual relationships, which may have been more salient to boys.