AIM: To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) injury. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (36 rats each): the sham-operation group (group S), lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group (group LIR), and penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning group (group PHC). Each group was divided into subgroups (n = 6 in each group) according to ischemic-reperfusion time, i.e. immediately 0 h (T₁), 1 h (T₂), 3 h (T₃), 6 h (T₄), 12 h (T₅), and 24 h (T₆). Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h. In group PHC, 0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia. The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion; diamine oxidase (DAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) of small intestinal tissue, plasma endotoxin, DAO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-10 in serum were detected in the rats. RESULTS: The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope. The levels of MPO, endotoxin, serum DAO, and IL-10 at T₁-T₆, and TNF-α level at T₁-T₄ increased in groups LIR and PHC (P < 0.05) compared with those in group S, but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T₁-T₆ decreased (P < 0.05). In group PHC, the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T₂-T₆, and IL-10 at T₂-T₅ increased to higher levels than those in group LIR (P < 0.05); however, the levels of MPO, endotoxin, and DAO in the blood at T₂-T₆, and TNF-α at T₂ and T₄ decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR. Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning in the damage to the barrier function of the small intestinal mucosa caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) injury. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (36 rats each): the sham-operation group (group S), lower limb ischemia-reperfusion group (group LIR), and penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning group (group PHC). Each group was divided into subgroups (n = 6 in each group) according to ischemic-reperfusion time, i.e. immediately 0 h (T₁), 1 h (T₂), 3 h (T₃), 6 h (T₄), 12 h (T₅), and 24 h (T₆). Bilateral hind-limb ischemia was induced by rubber band application proximal to the level of the greater trochanter for 3 h. In group PHC, 0.15 mg/kg of penehyclidine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein immediately after 3 h of bilateral hind-limb ischemia. The designated rats were sacrificed at different time-points of reperfusion; diamine oxidase (DAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) of small intestinal tissue, plasma endotoxin, DAO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-10 in serum were detected in the rats. RESULTS: The pathological changes in the small intestine were observed under light microscope. The levels of MPO, endotoxin, serum DAO, and IL-10 at T₁-T₆, and TNF-α level at T₁-T₄ increased in groups LIR and PHC (P < 0.05) compared with those in group S, but tissue DAO and SOD activity at T₁-T₆ decreased (P < 0.05). In group PHC, the tissue DAO and SOD activity at T₂-T₆, and IL-10 at T₂-T₅ increased to higher levels than those in group LIR (P < 0.05); however, the levels of MPO, endotoxin, and DAO in the blood at T₂-T₆, and TNF-α at T₂ and T₄ decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Penehyclidine hydrochloride post-conditioning may reduce the permeability of the small intestines after LIR. Its protection mechanisms may be related to inhibiting oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines for organ damage.
Entities:
Keywords:
Limb ischemia-reperfusion injury; Penehyelidine hydrochloride; Post-conditioning; Protection; Small intestine
Authors: Danielle G Souza; Adriana C Soares; Vanessa Pinho; Humberto Torloni; Luiz F L Reis; Mauro M Teixeira; Adriana A M Dias; Mauro T Martins Journal: Am J Pathol Date: 2002-05 Impact factor: 4.307
Authors: Xiang-Yu Han; He Liu; Chun-He Liu; Bo Wu; Lan-Fu Chen; Bo-Hua Zhong; Ke-Liang Liu Journal: Bioorg Med Chem Lett Date: 2005-04-15 Impact factor: 2.823
Authors: Lee-Wei Chen; Laurence Egan; Zhi-Wei Li; Florian R Greten; Martin F Kagnoff; Michael Karin Journal: Nat Med Date: 2003-04-07 Impact factor: 53.440