OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the long-term course of psychiatric disorders, symptoms, and functioning among 113 directly exposed survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing systematically assessed at 6 months and again nearly 7 years postbombing. METHODS: The Diagnostic Interview Schedule/Disaster Supplement was used to assess predisaster and postdisaster psychiatric disorders and symptoms and other variables of relevance to disaster exposure and outcomes. RESULTS: Total prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was 41%. Seven years postbombing, 26% of the sample still had active PTSD. Delayed-onset PTSD and new postdisaster alcohol use disorders were not observed. PTSD nonremission was predicted by the occurrence of negative life events after the bombing. Posttraumatic symptoms among survivors without PTSD decayed more rapidly than for those with PTSD, and symptoms remained at 7 years even for many who did not develop PTSD. Those with PTSD reported more functioning problems at index than those without PTSD, but functioning improved dramatically over 7 years, regardless of PTSD or remission from PTSD. No survivors had long-term employment disability based on psychiatric problems alone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have potentially important implications for anticipation of long-term emotional and functional recovery from disaster trauma. Published by Elsevier Inc.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the long-term course of psychiatric disorders, symptoms, and functioning among 113 directly exposed survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing systematically assessed at 6 months and again nearly 7 years postbombing. METHODS: The Diagnostic Interview Schedule/Disaster Supplement was used to assess predisaster and postdisaster psychiatric disorders and symptoms and other variables of relevance to disaster exposure and outcomes. RESULTS: Total prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was 41%. Seven years postbombing, 26% of the sample still had active PTSD. Delayed-onset PTSD and new postdisaster alcohol use disorders were not observed. PTSD nonremission was predicted by the occurrence of negative life events after the bombing. Posttraumatic symptoms among survivors without PTSD decayed more rapidly than for those with PTSD, and symptoms remained at 7 years even for many who did not develop PTSD. Those with PTSD reported more functioning problems at index than those without PTSD, but functioning improved dramatically over 7 years, regardless of PTSD or remission from PTSD. No survivors had long-term employment disability based on psychiatric problems alone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have potentially important implications for anticipation of long-term emotional and functional recovery from disaster trauma. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Authors: Fran H Norris; Matthew J Friedman; Patricia J Watson; Christopher M Byrne; Eolia Diaz; Krzysztof Kaniasty Journal: Psychiatry Date: 2002 Impact factor: 2.458
Authors: David Vlahov; Sandro Galea; Heidi Resnick; Jennifer Ahern; Joseph A Boscarino; Michael Bucuvalas; Joel Gold; Dean Kilpatrick Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2002-06-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: A J Rosellini; H Liu; M V Petukhova; N A Sampson; S Aguilar-Gaxiola; J Alonso; G Borges; R Bruffaerts; E J Bromet; G de Girolamo; P de Jonge; J Fayyad; S Florescu; O Gureje; J M Haro; H Hinkov; E G Karam; N Kawakami; K C Koenen; S Lee; J P Lépine; D Levinson; F Navarro-Mateu; B D Oladeji; S O'Neill; B-E Pennell; M Piazza; J Posada-Villa; K M Scott; D J Stein; Y Torres; M C Viana; A M Zaslavsky; R C Kessler Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2017-07-19 Impact factor: 7.723