BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to investigate whether bipolar II disorder (BP-II) has different characteristics from bipolar I disorder (BP-I), not only in manic severity but also in clinical features, prior course, comorbidity, and family history, sufficiently enough to provide its nosological separation from BP-I. METHODS: Comprehensive clinical evaluation was performed based on information available from ordinary clinical settings. Seventy-one BP-I and 34 BP-II patients were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, Korean version. Psychiatric assessment for first-degree relatives (n=374) of the probands was performed using the modified version of the Family History-Research Diagnostic Criteria. RESULTS: The frequency of depressive episodes was higher in BP-II (p=0.009) compared to BP-I. Further, seasonality (p=0.035) and rapid-cycling course (p=0.062) were more common in BP-II. Regarding manic expression, 'elated mood' was predominant in BP-II whereas 'elated mood' and 'irritable mood' were equally prevalent in BP-I. With regard to depressive symptoms, psychomotor agitation, guilty feeling, and suicidal ideation were more frequently observed in BP-II. BP-II patients exhibited a higher trend of lifetime co-occurrence of an axis I diagnosis (p=0.09), and a significantly higher incidence of phobia and eating disorder. The overall occurrence rate of psychiatric illness in first-degree relatives was 15.4% in BP-I and 26.5% in BP-II (p=0.01). Major depression (p=0.005) and substance-related disorder (p=0.051) were more prevalent in relatives of BP-II probands. CONCLUSION: Distinctive characteristics of BP-II were identified in the current study and could be adopted to facilitate the differential diagnosis of BP-I and BP-II in ordinary clinical settings.
BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to investigate whether bipolar II disorder (BP-II) has different characteristics from bipolar I disorder (BP-I), not only in manic severity but also in clinical features, prior course, comorbidity, and family history, sufficiently enough to provide its nosological separation from BP-I. METHODS: Comprehensive clinical evaluation was performed based on information available from ordinary clinical settings. Seventy-one BP-I and 34 BP-II patients were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, Korean version. Psychiatric assessment for first-degree relatives (n=374) of the probands was performed using the modified version of the Family History-Research Diagnostic Criteria. RESULTS: The frequency of depressive episodes was higher in BP-II (p=0.009) compared to BP-I. Further, seasonality (p=0.035) and rapid-cycling course (p=0.062) were more common in BP-II. Regarding manic expression, 'elated mood' was predominant in BP-II whereas 'elated mood' and 'irritable mood' were equally prevalent in BP-I. With regard to depressive symptoms, psychomotor agitation, guilty feeling, and suicidal ideation were more frequently observed in BP-II. BP-II patients exhibited a higher trend of lifetime co-occurrence of an axis I diagnosis (p=0.09), and a significantly higher incidence of phobia and eating disorder. The overall occurrence rate of psychiatric illness in first-degree relatives was 15.4% in BP-I and 26.5% in BP-II (p=0.01). Major depression (p=0.005) and substance-related disorder (p=0.051) were more prevalent in relatives of BP-II probands. CONCLUSION: Distinctive characteristics of BP-II were identified in the current study and could be adopted to facilitate the differential diagnosis of BP-I and BP-II in ordinary clinical settings.
Authors: D Bradford Reich; Emily L Belleau; Christina M Temes; Atilla Gonenc; Diego A Pizzagalli; Staci A Gruber Journal: Neuropsychobiology Date: 2019-09-25 Impact factor: 2.328
Authors: A Carlo Altamura; Massimiliano Buoli; Bruno Cesana; Bernardo Dell'Osso; Gianluigi Tacchini; Umberto Albert; Andrea Fagiolini; Andrea de Bartolomeis; Giuseppe Maina; Emilio Sacchetti Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2017-04-01 Impact factor: 5.270
Authors: Rasim Somer Diler; Anna Maria Segreti; Cecile D Ladouceur; Jorge R C Almeida; Boris Birmaher; David A Axelson; Mary L Phillips; Lisa Pan Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Date: 2013-04 Impact factor: 2.576
Authors: Hagai Maoz; Tina Goldstein; David A Axelson; Benjamin I Goldstein; Jieyu Fan; Mary Beth Hickey; Kelly Monk; Dara Sakolsky; Rasim S Diler; David Brent; Satish Iyengar; David J Kupfer; Boris Birmaher Journal: J Child Psychol Psychiatry Date: 2013-12-30 Impact factor: 8.982