Outcome measures for practice.

The current review targets efforts to use outcome measures in routine care for the purpose of enhancing psychotherapy outcome, particularly for patients who are predicted to have a negative treatment outcome. The place of outcome measures in solving the negative effects problem is emphasized, with a narrow focus on one set of measures that is relatively well advanced in its clinical utility. This clinical innovation relies on research-based clinical decision tools that provide psychotherapists with timely warnings and problem-solving strategies when a patient deviates from an expected treatment response. Summary of a meta-analytic review using this patient feedback methodology suggests that measuring, monitoring, predicting treatment failure, and providing clinical support tools to clinicians enhance treatment outcome for patients who have an early negative treatment response. Other measures are then briefly reviewed before we turn to future directions. Clinicians are encouraged to employ these methods in routine practice.