BACKGROUND: In recent years, a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases has gained increased attention. Although bipolar disorder appears to be associated with altered serum cytokine levels, a putative immunological contribution to its pathophysiology remains to be established. Hitherto, no direct analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines in patients with bipolar disorder have been performed. METHODS: We analyzed CSF cytokine concentrations in euthymic patients with diagnosed bipolar disorder type I (n = 15) or type II (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 30) using an immunoassay-based protein array multiplex system. RESULTS: The mean interleukin (IL)-1ß level (4.2 pg/mL, standard error of the mean [SEM] 0.5) was higher and the IL-6 level (1.5 pg/mL, SEM 0.2) was lower in euthymic bipolar patients than in healthy volunteers (0.8 pg/mL, SEM 0.04, and 2.6 pg/mL, SEM 0.2, respectively). Patients with 1 or more manic/hypomanic episodes during the last year showed significantly higher levels of IL-1ß (6.2 pg/mL, SEM 0.8; n = 9) than patients without a recent manic/hypomanic episode (3.1 pg/mL, SEM 1.0; n = 10). LIMITATIONS: All patients were in an euthymic state at the time of sampling. Owing to the large variety of drugs prescribed to patients in the present study, influence of medication on the cytokine profile cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSION: Our findings show an altered brain cytokine profile associated with the manifestation of recent manic/hypomanic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Although the causality remains to be established, these findings may suggest a pathophysiological role for IL-1ß in bipolar disorder.
BACKGROUND: In recent years, a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases has gained increased attention. Although bipolar disorder appears to be associated with altered serum cytokine levels, a putative immunological contribution to its pathophysiology remains to be established. Hitherto, no direct analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines in patients with bipolar disorder have been performed. METHODS: We analyzed CSF cytokine concentrations in euthymic patients with diagnosed bipolar disorder type I (n = 15) or type II (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 30) using an immunoassay-based protein array multiplex system. RESULTS: The mean interleukin (IL)-1ß level (4.2 pg/mL, standard error of the mean [SEM] 0.5) was higher and the IL-6 level (1.5 pg/mL, SEM 0.2) was lower in euthymic bipolarpatients than in healthy volunteers (0.8 pg/mL, SEM 0.04, and 2.6 pg/mL, SEM 0.2, respectively). Patients with 1 or more manic/hypomanic episodes during the last year showed significantly higher levels of IL-1ß (6.2 pg/mL, SEM 0.8; n = 9) than patients without a recent manic/hypomanic episode (3.1 pg/mL, SEM 1.0; n = 10). LIMITATIONS: All patients were in an euthymic state at the time of sampling. Owing to the large variety of drugs prescribed to patients in the present study, influence of medication on the cytokine profile cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSION: Our findings show an altered brain cytokine profile associated with the manifestation of recent manic/hypomanic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. Although the causality remains to be established, these findings may suggest a pathophysiological role for IL-1ß in bipolar disorder.
Authors: Sara K Olsson; Martin Samuelsson; Peter Saetre; Leif Lindström; Erik G Jönsson; Conny Nordin; Göran Engberg; Sophie Erhardt; Mikael Landén Journal: J Psychiatry Neurosci Date: 2010-05 Impact factor: 6.186
Authors: Daniel Lindqvist; Shorena Janelidze; Peter Hagell; Sophie Erhardt; Martin Samuelsson; Lennart Minthon; Oskar Hansson; Maria Björkqvist; Lil Träskman-Bendz; Lena Brundin Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2009-03-06 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Paul Lichtenstein; Benjamin H Yip; Camilla Björk; Yudi Pawitan; Tyrone D Cannon; Patrick F Sullivan; Christina M Hultman Journal: Lancet Date: 2009-01-17 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Anindya Bhattacharya; Qi Wang; Hong Ao; James R Shoblock; Brian Lord; Leah Aluisio; Ian Fraser; Diane Nepomuceno; Robert A Neff; Natalie Welty; Timothy W Lovenberg; Pascal Bonaventure; Alan D Wickenden; Michael A Letavic Journal: Br J Pharmacol Date: 2013-10 Impact factor: 8.739
Authors: M K Larsson; A Faka; M Bhat; S Imbeault; M Goiny; F Orhan; A Oliveros; S Ståhl; X C Liu; D S Choi; K Sandberg; G Engberg; L Schwieler; S Erhardt Journal: Neurochem Res Date: 2016-05-10 Impact factor: 3.996
Authors: Joel Jakobsson; Maria Bjerke; Sara Sahebi; Anniella Isgren; Carl Johan Ekman; Carl Sellgren; Bob Olsson; Henrik Zetterberg; Kaj Blennow; Erik Pålsson; Mikael Landén Journal: J Psychiatry Neurosci Date: 2015-07 Impact factor: 6.186