BACKGROUND: A mother's circulating estrogen increases over the third trimester, producing physiological effects on her newborn that wane postnatally. Estrogenization might be prolonged in newborns exposed to exogenous estrogens, such as isoflavones in soy formula. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated ultrasonography for monitoring growth of multiple estrogen-responsive organs in healthy infants and developed organ-growth trajectories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 38 boys (61 visits) from birth to age 6 months and 41 girls (96 visits) from birth to age 1 year using a partly cross-sectional, partly longitudinal design. We measured uterus and ovaries in girls, testes and prostate in boys, and kidneys, breasts, thymus, and thyroid in all children. We imaged all organs from the body surface in one session of < 1 h. RESULTS: Uterine volume decreased from birth (P < 0.0001), whereas ovarian volume increased sharply until age 2 months and then decreased (P < 0.001). Testicular volume increased with age (P < 0.0001), but prostatic volume showed minimal age trend. Breast bud diameter showed no age trend in girls but declined from birth in boys (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: US examination of multiple estrogen-responsive organs in infants in a single session is feasible and yields volume estimates useful for assessing potential endocrine disruptor effects on organ growth.
BACKGROUND: A mother's circulating estrogen increases over the third trimester, producing physiological effects on her newborn that wane postnatally. Estrogenization might be prolonged in newborns exposed to exogenous estrogens, such as isoflavones in soy formula. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated ultrasonography for monitoring growth of multiple estrogen-responsive organs in healthy infants and developed organ-growth trajectories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 38 boys (61 visits) from birth to age 6 months and 41 girls (96 visits) from birth to age 1 year using a partly cross-sectional, partly longitudinal design. We measured uterus and ovaries in girls, testes and prostate in boys, and kidneys, breasts, thymus, and thyroid in all children. We imaged all organs from the body surface in one session of < 1 h. RESULTS: Uterine volume decreased from birth (P < 0.0001), whereas ovarian volume increased sharply until age 2 months and then decreased (P < 0.001). Testicular volume increased with age (P < 0.0001), but prostatic volume showed minimal age trend. Breast bud diameter showed no age trend in girls but declined from birth in boys (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: US examination of multiple estrogen-responsive organs in infants in a single session is feasible and yields volume estimates useful for assessing potential endocrine disruptor effects on organ growth.
Authors: Ida M Schmidt; Katharina M Main; Ida N Damgaard; Claudia Mau; Anna-Maarit Haavisto; Marla Chellakooty; Kirsten A Boisen; Jørgen H Petersen; Thomas Scheike; Klaus Olgaard Journal: Pediatr Nephrol Date: 2004-06-17 Impact factor: 3.714
Authors: D L Jeppesen; H Hasselbalch; S D Nielsen; T U Sørensen; A K Ersbøll; N H Valerius; C Heilmann Journal: Acta Paediatr Date: 2003-07 Impact factor: 2.299
Authors: Ida M Schmidt; Ida N Damgaard; Kirsten A Boisen; Claudia Mau; Marla Chellakooty; Klaus Olgaard; Katharina M Main Journal: Pediatr Nephrol Date: 2004-08-11 Impact factor: 3.714
Authors: Summer L Kaplan; J Christopher Edgar; Eileen G Ford; Margaret A Adgent; Joan I Schall; Andrea Kelly; David M Umbach; Walter J Rogan; Virginia A Stallings; Kassa Darge Journal: Pediatr Radiol Date: 2016-08-31
Authors: Helen B Chin; Donna D Baird; Summer L Kaplan; Kassa Darge; Margaret A Adgent; Eileen G Ford; Walter J Rogan; Virginia A Stallings; David M Umbach Journal: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol Date: 2020-04-13 Impact factor: 3.103
Authors: Margaret A Adgent; Gordon P Flake; David M Umbach; Virginia A Stallings; Judy C Bernbaum; Walter J Rogan Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-10-16 Impact factor: 3.240