BACKGROUND: The positive costimulatory proteins OX40 and OX40L and negative regulatory proteins programmed death (PD)-1, PD ligand 1, and PD ligand 2 have emerged as significant regulators of acute rejection in experimental transplantation models. METHODS: We obtained 21 urine specimens from 21 renal allograft recipients with graft dysfunction and biopsy-confirmed acute rejection and 25 specimens from 25 recipients with stable graft function and normal biopsy results (stable). Urinary cell levels of mRNAs were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, and the levels were correlated with allograft status and outcomes. RESULTS: Levels of OX40 mRNA (P<0.0001, Mann-Whitney test), OX40L mRNA (P=0.0004), and PD-1 mRNA (P=0.004), but not the mRNA levels of PD ligand 1 (P=0.08) or PD ligand 2 (P=0.20), were significantly higher in the urinary cells from the acute rejection group than the stable group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that acute rejection is predicted with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 92% (area under the curve=0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.96-1.0, P<0.0001) using a combination of levels of mRNA for OX40, OX40L, PD-1, and levels of mRNA for the previously identified biomarker Foxp3. Within the acute rejection group, levels of mRNA for OX40 (P=0.0002), OX40L (P=0.0004), and Foxp3 (P=0.04) predicted acute rejection reversal, whereas only OX40 mRNA levels (P=0.04) predicted graft loss after acute rejection. CONCLUSION: A linear combination of urinary cell levels of mRNA for OX40, OX40L, PD-1, and Foxp3 was a strong predictor of acute rejection in human renal allograft biopsies. This prediction model should be validated using an independent cohort of renal allograft recipients.
BACKGROUND: The positive costimulatory proteins OX40 and OX40L and negative regulatory proteins programmed death (PD)-1, PD ligand 1, and PD ligand 2 have emerged as significant regulators of acute rejection in experimental transplantation models. METHODS: We obtained 21 urine specimens from 21 renal allograft recipients with graft dysfunction and biopsy-confirmed acute rejection and 25 specimens from 25 recipients with stable graft function and normal biopsy results (stable). Urinary cell levels of mRNAs were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, and the levels were correlated with allograft status and outcomes. RESULTS: Levels of OX40 mRNA (P<0.0001, Mann-Whitney test), OX40L mRNA (P=0.0004), and PD-1 mRNA (P=0.004), but not the mRNA levels of PD ligand 1 (P=0.08) or PD ligand 2 (P=0.20), were significantly higher in the urinary cells from the acute rejection group than the stable group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that acute rejection is predicted with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 92% (area under the curve=0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.96-1.0, P<0.0001) using a combination of levels of mRNA for OX40, OX40L, PD-1, and levels of mRNA for the previously identified biomarker Foxp3. Within the acute rejection group, levels of mRNA for OX40 (P=0.0002), OX40L (P=0.0004), and Foxp3 (P=0.04) predicted acute rejection reversal, whereas only OX40 mRNA levels (P=0.04) predicted graft loss after acute rejection. CONCLUSION: A linear combination of urinary cell levels of mRNA for OX40, OX40L, PD-1, and Foxp3 was a strong predictor of acute rejection in human renal allograft biopsies. This prediction model should be validated using an independent cohort of renal allograft recipients.
Authors: B Li; C Hartono; R Ding; V K Sharma; R Ramaswamy; B Qian; D Serur; J Mouradian; J E Schwartz; M Suthanthiran Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2001-03-29 Impact factor: 91.245
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Authors: Thangamani Muthukumar; John R Lee; Darshana M Dadhania; Ruchuang Ding; Vijay K Sharma; Joseph E Schwartz; Manikkam Suthanthiran Journal: Transplant Rev (Orlando) Date: 2014-05-27 Impact factor: 3.943
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