C Pietsch1, V Schuster, U G Liebert. 1. Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. corinna.pietsch@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce the impact of group A rotaviruses on human morbidity and mortality rely on oral immunisation with live attenuated or recombinant vaccines. A major challenge in immunisation is the vast inter- and intragenotypic diversity accomplished by circulating rotaviruses. OBJECTIVES: To monitor rotavirus inter- and intragenotypic diversity in hospitalised children. STUDY DESIGN: From January 2008 to December 2009 stool samples from 1994 paediatric in-patients suffering from diarrhoea were screened for rotavirus. Rotavirus G- and P-genotypes were determined by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Rotavirus A was detected in stool samples of 341 children, comprising G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8], as well as uncommon G12P[6] genotypes and mixed infections. Predominant strains shifted from G1P[8] and G9P[8] genotypes in the first season to G3P[8] and G4P[8] genotypes in the second season. The highest intragenotypic diversity was detected in G1 strains and consisted of co-circulating G1-Ic, G1-Id, G1-Ie and G1-II rotaviruses. The G2 analysis revealed different intragenotypic lineages: G2-IIa, G2-IIb and G2-IIc. Interestingly, the circulating G4-Ib rotaviruses were characterised by insertions of 3 or 6 additional coding nucleotides within variable region 4 of VP7. Whereas different G9-III VP7 gene segments were detected G3-Ia sequences were highly homologous. In the VP4 analysis P[8]-III gene segment predominated over P[4]-Vb, P[8]-I, P[8]-IV and P[6]-I. CONCLUSIONS: A remarkable rotavirus heterogeneity was detected in the limited local setting and time span. Continued monitoring and nucleotide sequencing is necessary to document possible effects of rising immunisation levels on intragenotypic rotavirus diversity.
BACKGROUND: Efforts to reduce the impact of group A rotaviruses on human morbidity and mortality rely on oral immunisation with live attenuated or recombinant vaccines. A major challenge in immunisation is the vast inter- and intragenotypic diversity accomplished by circulating rotaviruses. OBJECTIVES: To monitor rotavirus inter- and intragenotypic diversity in hospitalised children. STUDY DESIGN: From January 2008 to December 2009 stool samples from 1994 paediatric in-patients suffering from diarrhoea were screened for rotavirus. Rotavirus G- and P-genotypes were determined by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed. RESULTS:Rotavirus A was detected in stool samples of 341 children, comprising G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8], as well as uncommon G12P[6] genotypes and mixed infections. Predominant strains shifted from G1P[8] and G9P[8] genotypes in the first season to G3P[8] and G4P[8] genotypes in the second season. The highest intragenotypic diversity was detected in G1 strains and consisted of co-circulating G1-Ic, G1-Id, G1-Ie and G1-II rotaviruses. The G2 analysis revealed different intragenotypic lineages: G2-IIa, G2-IIb and G2-IIc. Interestingly, the circulating G4-Ib rotaviruses were characterised by insertions of 3 or 6 additional coding nucleotides within variable region 4 of VP7. Whereas different G9-III VP7 gene segments were detected G3-Ia sequences were highly homologous. In the VP4 analysis P[8]-III gene segment predominated over P[4]-Vb, P[8]-I, P[8]-IV and P[6]-I. CONCLUSIONS: A remarkable rotavirus heterogeneity was detected in the limited local setting and time span. Continued monitoring and nucleotide sequencing is necessary to document possible effects of rising immunisation levels on intragenotypic rotavirus diversity.
Authors: Mark Zeller; Elisabeth Heylen; Susan Damanka; Corinna Pietsch; Celeste Donato; Tsutomu Tamura; Ruta Kulkarni; Ritu Arora; Nigel Cunliffe; Leena Maunula; Christiaan Potgieter; Sana Tamim; Sarah De Coster; Elena Zhirakovskaya; Salwa Bdour; Helen O'Shea; Carl D Kirkwood; Mapaseka Seheri; Martin Monene Nyaga; Jeffrey Mphahlele; Shobha D Chitambar; Ron Dagan; George Armah; Nina Tikunova; Marc Van Ranst; Jelle Matthijnssens Journal: Mol Biol Evol Date: 2015-04-08 Impact factor: 16.240
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