Non-invasive assessment of oxidatively damaged DNA: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine.

The ability to non-invasively assess DNA oxidation and its repair, has significant utility in large-scale, population-based studies. Such studies could include the assessments of: the efficacy of antioxidant intervention strategies, pathological roles of DNA oxidation in various disease states and population or interindividual differences in antioxidant defence and DNA repair. The most popular method, to non-invasively assess oxidative insult to the genome is by the analysis of urine for 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), using chromatographic techniques or immunoassay procedures. The provenance of extracellular 8-oxodG remains a subject for debate. However, previous studies have shown that factors, such as diet and cell death, do not appear to contribute to extracellular 8-oxodG, leaving processes, such as the repair of DNA and/or the 2'-deoxyribonucleotide pool, as the sole source of endogenous 8-oxodG. The method in this chapter describes a non-invasive approach for assessing oxidative stress, via the efficient extraction of urinary 8-oxodG using a validated solid-phase extraction procedure. Subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry provides the advantages of sensitivity, internal standardisation, and robust peak identification, and is widely considered to be the "gold standard".