Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.)--the impact of lignin relocation and plant tissues on enzymatic accessibility.

Wheat straw is a potential feedstock for bioethanol production. This paper investigates tissues from whole internode sections subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment at 185°C and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis up to 144 h. Analyses revealed an increase in surface lignin as hydrolysis progressed, which could be coupled to the gradual decrease in hydrolysis rate over time. The data support the hypothesis of lignin extraction from the cell wall matrix during pretreatment and deposition as droplets upon cooling. These droplets are assumed to accumulate during enzymatic hydrolysis. Additionally, after 144 h of enzymatic hydrolysis the cortex had vanished, exposing the heavier lignified vascular tissue. Accumulation of lignin droplets and exposure of residual lignin could be part of the explanation for the decreasing hydrolysis rate. Flattening of macrofibrils after pretreatment together with more indentations on the surfaces was also observed, possibly caused by a proposed synergistic effect of cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases.