Mode of occurrence of traumatic head injuries in male patients with cluster headache or migraine: Is there a connection with lifestyle?

INTRODUCTION: Our study objective was to investigate the mode of occurrence of traumatic head injury in episodic cluster headache and migraine patients.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 400 male patients, 200 with cluster headache (cases) and 200 with migraine (controls). We investigated the frequency and mode of occurrence of traumatic head injury and some lifestyle habits.
RESULTS: The number of traumatic head injuries was significantly higher in cases than in controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-2.8). Cases were more often responsible for the head traumas (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.3-4.9) and reported a significantly higher proportion of injuries during scuffles or brawls (OR = 6.5; 95% CI = 2.9-14.8). Compared with other cluster headache patients, cases responsible for traumatic head injuries were more frequently heavy alcohol (p = .000), heavy tobacco (p = .03) and heavy coffee consumers (p = .003).
CONCLUSIONS: Cluster headache patients (a) had traumatic head injuries more frequently than migraineurs; and (b) were more often responsible for them, perhaps due to particular behaviours related to their lifestyles.