Formation of polymeric nano-emulsions by a low-energy method and their use for nanoparticle preparation.

Formation of polymeric O/W nano-emulsions has been studied in the water/polyoxyethylene 4 sorbitan monolaurate/ethylcellulose solution system by the phase inversion composition (PIC) method. These nano-emulsions were used for the preparation of nanoparticles by solvent evaporation. Composition variables such as O/S ratio or final water content as well as emulsification path have been found to play a key role in the formation of stable, nanometer sized emulsions. Nano-emulsions with a constant water content of 90 wt.% and O/S ratios from 50/50 to 70/30 showed an average droplet size of about 200 nm as assessed by dynamic light scattering. Mean nanoparticle diameters, as determined by transmission electron microscopy image analysis, were of the order of 50 nm and showed a slight increase as well as a broader size distribution at increasing O/S ratios. The findings verify that the low-energy emulsification methods are not only valid for aliphatic and semipolar oils, but also for a highly polar solvent such as ethylacetate containing a preformed polymer.