CONTEXT: Major depression and dysthymia in adolescence are associated with substantial disability, need for mental health services, and risk for recurrence. Concrete suicidal ideation and attempts during adolescence are particularly associated with significant distress, morbidity, and risk for completed suicide. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation and attempts during adolescence and to identify early predictors of which young children with ADHD are at greatest risk. DESIGN: Prospective follow-up study. SETTING: Chicago, Illinois, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Patients A cohort of 125 children who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD at 4 to 6 years of age and 123 demographically matched comparison children without ADHD were prospectively followed up in 7 structured diagnostic assessments of depression and suicidal behavior in assessment years 6 through 14, spanning 9 through 18 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders and suicidal behavior. RESULTS: Children with ADHD at 4 to 6 years of age were at greatly increased risk for meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depression or dysthymia (hazard ratio, 4.32) and for attempting suicide (hazard ratio, 3.60) through the age of 18 years relative to comparison children. There were marked variations in risk for these outcomes among children with ADHD, however. Within the ADHD group, children with each subtype of ADHD were at risk but for different adverse outcomes. Girls were at greater risk for depression and suicide attempts. Maternal depression and concurrent child emotional and behavior problems at 4 to 6 years of age predicted depression and suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: All subtypes of ADHD in young children robustly predict adolescent depression and/or suicide attempts 5 to 13 years later. Furthermore, female sex, maternal depression, and concurrent symptoms at 4 to 6 years of age predict which children with ADHD are at greatest risk for these adverse outcomes. Identifying high-risk young children with ADHD sets the stage for early prevention trials to reduce risk for later depression and suicidal behavior.
CONTEXT: Major depression and dysthymia in adolescence are associated with substantial disability, need for mental health services, and risk for recurrence. Concrete suicidal ideation and attempts during adolescence are particularly associated with significant distress, morbidity, and risk for completed suicide. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation and attempts during adolescence and to identify early predictors of which young children with ADHD are at greatest risk. DESIGN: Prospective follow-up study. SETTING: Chicago, Illinois, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Patients A cohort of 125 children who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD at 4 to 6 years of age and 123 demographically matched comparison children without ADHD were prospectively followed up in 7 structured diagnostic assessments of depression and suicidal behavior in assessment years 6 through 14, spanning 9 through 18 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders and suicidal behavior. RESULTS:Children with ADHD at 4 to 6 years of age were at greatly increased risk for meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depression or dysthymia (hazard ratio, 4.32) and for attempting suicide (hazard ratio, 3.60) through the age of 18 years relative to comparison children. There were marked variations in risk for these outcomes among children with ADHD, however. Within the ADHD group, children with each subtype of ADHD were at risk but for different adverse outcomes. Girls were at greater risk for depression and suicide attempts. Maternal depression and concurrent child emotional and behavior problems at 4 to 6 years of age predicted depression and suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: All subtypes of ADHD in young children robustly predict adolescent depression and/or suicide attempts 5 to 13 years later. Furthermore, female sex, maternal depression, and concurrent symptoms at 4 to 6 years of age predict which children with ADHD are at greatest risk for these adverse outcomes. Identifying high-risk young children with ADHD sets the stage for early prevention trials to reduce risk for later depression and suicidal behavior.
Authors: P S Jensen; M Rubio-Stipec; G Canino; H R Bird; M K Dulcan; M E Schwab-Stone; B B Lahey Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 1999-12 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Benjamin B Lahey; William E Pelham; Jan Loney; Heidi Kipp; Ashley Ehrhardt; Steve S Lee; Erik G Willcutt; Cynthia M Hartung; Andrea Chronis; Greta Massetti Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2004-11 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Joseph Biederman; Sarah W Ball; Michael C Monuteaux; Eric Mick; Thomas J Spencer; Michelle McCREARY; Michelle Cote; Stephen V Faraone Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Andrea M Chronis; Benjamin B Lahey; William E Pelham; Heidi L Kipp; Barbara L Baumann; Steve S Lee Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2003-12 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Michael C Meinzer; Jeremy W Pettit; James G Waxmonsky; Elizabeth Gnagy; Brooke S G Molina; William E Pelham Journal: J Abnorm Child Psychol Date: 2016-05
Authors: Seog Ju Kim; Seung-Gul Kang; In Hee Cho; Yu-Jin G Lee; Jin Pyo Hong; Juhyun Park; Yu Jin Lee Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2015-02-08 Impact factor: 4.785
Authors: Michael C Meinzer; Peter M Lewinsohn; Jeremy W Pettit; John R Seeley; Jeff M Gau; Andrea Chronis-Tuscano; James G Waxmonsky Journal: Depress Anxiety Date: 2013-02-19 Impact factor: 6.505