L Stewart Massad1, Charlesnika T Evans, Kathleen M Weber, Johanna L Goderre, Nancy A Hessol, Donna Henry, Christine Colie, Howard D Strickler, D Heather Watts, Tracey E Wilson. 1. From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; the Department of Veterans Affairs Hines VA Medical Center and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; the CORE Center at John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois; the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; the University of California, San Francisco, California; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland; and the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate changes in high-risk women's knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccination since introduction and marketing of HPV vaccines. METHODS: At study visits in 2007 and 2008-2009, women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and at-risk comparison women in a multicenter U.S. cohort study completed 44-item self-report questionnaires exploring their knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, HPV, and HPV vaccination. Results from 2007 were compared with those obtained in 2008-2009. Knowledge scores were correlated with demographic variables, measures of education and attention, and medical factors. Significant associations were assessed in multivariable models. RESULTS: HIV-seropositive women had higher knowledge scores than seronegative women at baseline (13.2 ± 5.7 compared with 11.8 ± 6.0, P < .001) and follow-up (14.1 ± 5.3 compared with 13.2 ± 5.5, P = .01), but the change in scores was similar (0.9 ± 5.3 compared with 1.5 ± 5.5, P = .13). Knowledge that cervical cancer is caused by a virus rose significantly (P = .005), but only to 24%. Belief that cervical cancer is preventable only rose from 52% to 55% (P = .04), but more than 90% of women in both periods believed regular Pap testing was important. In analysis of covariance models, higher baseline score, younger age, higher education level, higher income, and former- as opposed to never-drug users, but not HIV status, were associated with improved knowledge. CONCLUSION: High-risk women's understanding of cervical cancer and HPV has improved, but gaps remain. Improvement has been weakest for less educated and lower-income women. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate changes in high-risk women's knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccination since introduction and marketing of HPV vaccines. METHODS: At study visits in 2007 and 2008-2009, women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and at-risk comparison women in a multicenter U.S. cohort study completed 44-item self-report questionnaires exploring their knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, HPV, and HPV vaccination. Results from 2007 were compared with those obtained in 2008-2009. Knowledge scores were correlated with demographic variables, measures of education and attention, and medical factors. Significant associations were assessed in multivariable models. RESULTS:HIV-seropositive women had higher knowledge scores than seronegative women at baseline (13.2 ± 5.7 compared with 11.8 ± 6.0, P < .001) and follow-up (14.1 ± 5.3 compared with 13.2 ± 5.5, P = .01), but the change in scores was similar (0.9 ± 5.3 compared with 1.5 ± 5.5, P = .13). Knowledge that cervical cancer is caused by a virus rose significantly (P = .005), but only to 24%. Belief that cervical cancer is preventable only rose from 52% to 55% (P = .04), but more than 90% of women in both periods believed regular Pap testing was important. In analysis of covariance models, higher baseline score, younger age, higher education level, higher income, and former- as opposed to never-drug users, but not HIV status, were associated with improved knowledge. CONCLUSION: High-risk women's understanding of cervical cancer and HPV has improved, but gaps remain. Improvement has been weakest for less educated and lower-income women. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
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