Mucosal leishmaniasis and abnormalities on computed tomographic scans of paranasal sinuses.

Studies evaluating radiologic aspects, local complications, and structural alterations of the paranasal sinus in patients with mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze alterations of the paranasal sinuses in patients with ML by using computed tomography (CT) scans. This prospective study evaluated 26 patients in Brazil with ML from December 2008 through June 2009. All patients underwent CT scans of the paranasal sinuses. Paranasal thickening was observed in 25 patients (96%). Nasal perforation was observed in 17 patients (65%). Those patients who received re-treatment showed more abnormalities on CT scan than cured patients (P < 0.05). Complications of ML are not limited to the nasal mucosa but extend to the paranasal sinuses. Mucosal thickening, opacified air cells, bony remodeling, and bony thickening caused by inflammatory osteitis of the sinus cavity walls are CT findings suggestive of chronic sinusitis.