| Literature DB >> 20723754 |
Daniel A Koster1, Aurélien Crut, Stewart Shuman, Mary-Ann Bjornsti, Nynke H Dekker.
Abstract
Entangling and twisting of cellular DNA (i.e., supercoiling) are problems inherent to the helical structure of double-stranded DNA. Supercoiling affects transcription, DNA replication, and chromosomal segregation. Consequently the cell must fine-tune supercoiling to optimize these key processes. Here, we summarize how supercoiling is generated and review experimental and theoretical insights into supercoil relaxation. We distinguish between the passive dissipation of supercoils by diffusion and the active removal of supercoils by topoisomerase enzymes. We also review single-molecule studies that elucidate the timescales and mechanisms of supercoil removal. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Entities:
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Year: 2010 PMID: 20723754 PMCID: PMC2997354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.08.001
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Cell ISSN: 0092-8674 Impact factor: 41.582