BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of HIV transmission from mothers to infants are poorly understood. A possible mechanism of in utero transmission is transplacental transfer of HIV-infected maternal leukocytes into the fetal circulation during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the frequency of in utero HIV infection correlates with presence or levels of maternal cells (MCs) in placenta-derived cord blood. METHODS: DNA was extracted from dried cord blood spots (DBS) from newborns born to HIV+ mothers and corresponding maternal DBS specimens. Paired mother-infant samples were probed to identify unique maternal sequences targeted by 24 allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Infant DBS-derived DNA was then probed in replicate analyses for noninherited maternal allelic sequences. Rates of detection and levels of MCs in DBS samples of HIV(+) and HIV(-) newborns were compared. RESULTS: Of 114 mother-infant pairs with informative alleles, 38 newborns were HIV(+) and 76 HIV(-), based on detection of HIV DNA/RNA at birth. MC were detected in 23 of 38 HIV(+) newborns (60.5%) and in 47 of 76 HIV(-) newborns (61.8%). The mean and median concentrations of nucleated MCs in DBS for the HIV(+)/MC(+) newborns (n = 23) were 0.33% and 0.27%, respectively, compared with 0.09% and 0.10% for the HIV(-)/MC(+) newborns (n = 47) (2-sample T test for means: P = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in rates of detection or concentrations of MC in DBS between HIV(+) and HIV(-) newborns. Therefore, we could not demonstrate a correlation between MC in DBS, assumed to reflect levels of in utero maternal-fetal cell trafficking, and the risk of in utero HIV transmission.
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of HIV transmission from mothers to infants are poorly understood. A possible mechanism of in utero transmission is transplacental transfer of HIV-infected maternal leukocytes into the fetal circulation during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the frequency of in utero HIV infection correlates with presence or levels of maternal cells (MCs) in placenta-derived cord blood. METHODS: DNA was extracted from dried cord blood spots (DBS) from newborns born to HIV+ mothers and corresponding maternal DBS specimens. Paired mother-infant samples were probed to identify unique maternal sequences targeted by 24 allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. InfantDBS-derived DNA was then probed in replicate analyses for noninherited maternal allelic sequences. Rates of detection and levels of MCs in DBS samples of HIV(+) and HIV(-) newborns were compared. RESULTS: Of 114 mother-infant pairs with informative alleles, 38 newborns were HIV(+) and 76 HIV(-), based on detection of HIV DNA/RNA at birth. MC were detected in 23 of 38 HIV(+) newborns (60.5%) and in 47 of 76 HIV(-) newborns (61.8%). The mean and median concentrations of nucleated MCs in DBS for the HIV(+)/MC(+) newborns (n = 23) were 0.33% and 0.27%, respectively, compared with 0.09% and 0.10% for the HIV(-)/MC(+) newborns (n = 47) (2-sample T test for means: P = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in rates of detection or concentrations of MC in DBS between HIV(+) and HIV(-) newborns. Therefore, we could not demonstrate a correlation between MC in DBS, assumed to reflect levels of in utero maternal-fetal cell trafficking, and the risk of in utero HIV transmission.
Authors: M Lallemant; G Jourdain; S Le Coeur; S Kim; S Koetsawang; A M Comeau; W Phoolcharoen; M Essex; K McIntosh; V Vithayasai Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2000-10-05 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Anastasia Polycarpou; Christos Ntais; Bette T Korber; Henry A Elrich; Robert Winchester; Paul Krogstad; Steven Wolinsky; Timothy Rostron; Sarah L Rowland-Jones; Arthur J Ammann; John P A Ioannidis Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2002-07-20 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: R J Biggar; P G Miotti; T E Taha; L Mtimavalye; R Broadhead; A Justesen; F Yellin; G Liomba; W Miley; D Waters; J D Chiphangwi; J J Goedert Journal: Lancet Date: 1996-06-15 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Jeff E Mold; Jakob Michaëlsson; Trevor D Burt; Marcus O Muench; Karen P Beckerman; Michael P Busch; Tzong-Hae Lee; Douglas F Nixon; Joseph M McCune Journal: Science Date: 2008-12-05 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Surender B Kumar; Cara E Rice; Danny A Milner; Nilsa C Ramirez; William E Ackerman; Victor Mwapasa; Abigail Norris Turner; Jesse J Kwiek Journal: AIDS Date: 2012-03-27 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Deborah Persaud; Hannah Gay; Carrie Ziemniak; Ya Hui Chen; Michael Piatak; Tae-Wook Chun; Matthew Strain; Douglas Richman; Katherine Luzuriaga Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2013-10-23 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Surender B Kumar; Samuel K Handelman; Igor Voronkin; Victor Mwapasa; Daniel Janies; Stephen J Rogerson; Steven R Meshnick; Jesse J Kwiek Journal: J Virol Date: 2011-05-04 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Christina Balle; Blair Armistead; Agano Kiravu; Xiaochang Song; Anna-Ursula Happel; Angela A Hoffmann; Sami B Kanaan; J Lee Nelson; Clive M Gray; Heather B Jaspan; Whitney E Harrington Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2022-07-01 Impact factor: 19.456