Transarterial embolization of large complex arteriovenous fistula associated with hip joint surgery.

Arteriovenous fistula may be due to a vascular injury during various orthopedic surgeries. It may cause massive, unexpected bleeding during or following an operation or during rehabilitation. We report herein the case of a 48-year-old woman with a previous history of hip joint surgery due to congenital hip dislocation who experienced massive bleeding during a second operation. Postoperative pelvic angiography revealed large, complex arteriovenous fistulas with combined venous aneurysm. She was managed successfully by transarterial embolization.