Lin H Chen1, Mary E Wilson. 1. Travel Medicine Center, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. lchen@hms.harvard.edu
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dengue and chikungunya are arboviruses that have caused major outbreaks and infected travelers, and both can be associated with fever and rash. We review the recent epidemiology of dengue and chikungunya infections and discuss their clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We highlight the findings in travelers. RECENT FINDINGS: Globally dengue is one of the most common infections associated with travel, and incidence has increased in the Americas in recent years, especially in Brazil. Chikungunya has caused dramatic outbreaks in the Indian Ocean islands since 2004, and has spread to south and south-east Asia. Dengue virus and chikungunya virus also possess the potential to cause autochthonous transmission in temperate regions of developed countries due to the presence of the vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Such an outbreak (chikungunya infection) did occur in 2007 in Italy. A mutation in chikungunya virus (A226V) appears to improve virus survival in Aedes albopictus and also increase its virulence. SUMMARY: The findings assist in differentiating dengue and chikungunya from other acute febrile illnesses and from each other. The findings also illustrate potential outbreaks in nonendemic countries, important toward developing control and prevention strategies.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dengue and chikungunya are arboviruses that have caused major outbreaks and infected travelers, and both can be associated with fever and rash. We review the recent epidemiology of dengue and chikungunya infections and discuss their clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We highlight the findings in travelers. RECENT FINDINGS: Globally dengue is one of the most common infections associated with travel, and incidence has increased in the Americas in recent years, especially in Brazil. Chikungunya has caused dramatic outbreaks in the Indian Ocean islands since 2004, and has spread to south and south-east Asia. Dengue virus and chikungunya virus also possess the potential to cause autochthonous transmission in temperate regions of developed countries due to the presence of the vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Such an outbreak (chikungunya infection) did occur in 2007 in Italy. A mutation in chikungunya virus (A226V) appears to improve virus survival in Aedes albopictus and also increase its virulence. SUMMARY: The findings assist in differentiating dengue and chikungunya from other acute febrile illnesses and from each other. The findings also illustrate potential outbreaks in nonendemic countries, important toward developing control and prevention strategies.
Authors: Subhamoy Pal; Allison L Dauner; Andrea Valks; Brett M Forshey; Kanya C Long; Butsaya Thaisomboonsuk; Gloria Sierra; Victor Picos; Sara Talmage; Amy C Morrison; Eric S Halsey; Guillermo Comach; Chadwick Yasuda; Michael Loeffelholz; Richard G Jarman; Stefan Fernandez; Ung Sam An; Tadeusz J Kochel; Louis E Jasper; Shuenn-Jue L Wu Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2015-01-14 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Penny A Rudd; Jane Wilson; Joy Gardner; Thibaut Larcher; Candice Babarit; Thuy T Le; Itaru Anraku; Yutaro Kumagai; Yueh-Ming Loo; Michael Gale; Shizuo Akira; Alexander A Khromykh; Andreas Suhrbier Journal: J Virol Date: 2012-07-03 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Alexander J Millman; Douglas H Esposito; Holly M Biggs; Michelle Decenteceo; Andrew Klevos; Elizabeth Hunsperger; Jorge Munoz-Jordan; Olga I Kosoy; Heidi McPherson; Carmen Sullivan; Dayton Voorhees; David Baron; Jim Watkins; Linda Gaul; Mark J Sotir; Gary Brunette; Marc Fischer; Tyler M Sharp; Emily S Jentes Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2016-03-14 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit; Stefan Schmiedel; Bernhard Fleischer; Gerd-Dieter Burchard Journal: Dtsch Arztebl Int Date: 2012-10-12 Impact factor: 5.594