Anthony C Fredericks1, Ana Fernandez-Sesma2. 1. Department of Microbiology and The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. 2. Department of Microbiology and The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Electronic address: ana.sesma@mssm.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dengue virus (DENV) spreads to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito and is a growing public health threat to both industrialized and developing nations worldwide. Outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the United States occurred extensively in the past but over the past 3 decades have again taken place in Florida, Hawaii, and Texas as well as in American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. As the Aedes vectors spread worldwide it is anticipated that DENV as well as other viruses also transmitted by these vectors, such as Chikungunya virus (CHKV), will invade new areas of the world, including the United States. OBJECTIVES: In this review, we describe the current burden of dengue disease worldwide and the potential introduction of DENV and CHKV into different areas of the United States. Of these areas, the state of California saw the arrival and spread of the Aedes aegypti vector beginning in 2013. This invasion presents a developing situation when considering the state's number of imported dengue cases and proximity to northern Mexico as well as the rising specter of chikungunya in the Western hemisphere. FINDINGS: In light of the recent arrival of Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors to California, there is now a small but appreciable risk for endemic transmission of dengue and chikungunya within the State. It is likely, however, that if DENV or CHKV were to become endemic that the public health situation would be similar to that currently found along the Texas-Mexico border. The distribution of Aedes vectors in California as well as a discussion of several factors contributing to the risk for dengue importation are discussed and evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue and chikungunya viruses present real risks to states where the Aedes vector is now established. Scientists, physicians, and public health authorities should familiarize themselves with these risks and prepare appropriately.
BACKGROUND:Dengue virus (DENV) spreads to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito and is a growing public health threat to both industrialized and developing nations worldwide. Outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the United States occurred extensively in the past but over the past 3 decades have again taken place in Florida, Hawaii, and Texas as well as in American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. As the Aedes vectors spread worldwide it is anticipated that DENV as well as other viruses also transmitted by these vectors, such as Chikungunya virus (CHKV), will invade new areas of the world, including the United States. OBJECTIVES: In this review, we describe the current burden of dengue disease worldwide and the potential introduction of DENV and CHKV into different areas of the United States. Of these areas, the state of California saw the arrival and spread of the Aedes aegypti vector beginning in 2013. This invasion presents a developing situation when considering the state's number of imported dengue cases and proximity to northern Mexico as well as the rising specter of chikungunya in the Western hemisphere. FINDINGS: In light of the recent arrival of Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors to California, there is now a small but appreciable risk for endemic transmission of dengue and chikungunya within the State. It is likely, however, that if DENV or CHKV were to become endemic that the public health situation would be similar to that currently found along the Texas-Mexico border. The distribution of Aedes vectors in California as well as a discussion of several factors contributing to the risk for dengue importation are discussed and evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue and chikungunya viruses present real risks to states where the Aedes vector is now established. Scientists, physicians, and public health authorities should familiarize themselves with these risks and prepare appropriately.
Authors: Anna P Durbin; Beth D Kirkpatrick; Kristen K Pierce; Daniel Elwood; Catherine J Larsson; Janet C Lindow; Cecilia Tibery; Beulah P Sabundayo; Donna Shaffer; Kawsar R Talaat; Noreen A Hynes; Kimberli Wanionek; Marya P Carmolli; Catherine J Luke; Brian R Murphy; Kanta Subbarao; Stephen S Whitehead Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2013-01-17 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Daniel H Libraty; Paul R Young; Darren Pickering; Timothy P Endy; Siripen Kalayanarooj; Sharone Green; David W Vaughn; Ananda Nisalak; Francis A Ennis; Alan L Rothman Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2002-09-16 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Donald S Shepard; Yara A Halasa; Brij Kishore Tyagi; S Vivek Adhish; Deoki Nandan; K S Karthiga; Vidya Chellaswamy; Mukul Gaba; Narendra K Arora Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2014-10-06 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Ethan C Degner; Yasir H Ahmed-Braimah; Kirill Borziak; Mariana F Wolfner; Laura C Harrington; Steve Dorus Journal: Mol Cell Proteomics Date: 2018-12-14 Impact factor: 5.911
Authors: Sowmya Pattabhi; Courtney R Wilkins; Ran Dong; Megan L Knoll; Jeffrey Posakony; Shari Kaiser; Chad E Mire; Myra L Wang; Renee C Ireton; Thomas W Geisbert; Kristin M Bedard; Shawn P Iadonato; Yueh-Ming Loo; Michael Gale Journal: J Virol Date: 2015-12-16 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Diego E Alvarez; María-Carla Saleh; Fernando Merwaiss; Claudia V Filomatori; Yasutsugu Susuki; Eugenia S Bardossy Journal: J Virol Date: 2021-01-13 Impact factor: 5.103