OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to examine how retinal drusen, retinal pigmentary abnormalities, and early AMD are related to age, sex, and other risk factors. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2810 people aged 21 to 84 years participating in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study. METHODS: The presence and severity of various characteristics of drusen and other lesions typical of AMD were determined by grading digital color fundus images using the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. RESULTS: Early AMD was present in 3.4% of the cohort and varied from 2.4% in those aged 21 to 34 years to 9.8% in those aged 65 years or older. In a multivariable model (expressed as odds ratio; 95% confidence interval), age (per 5 years of age, 1.22; 1.09-1.36), being male (1.65; 1.01-2.69), more pack-years of cigarettes smoked (1-10 vs 0, 1.31; 0.75-2.29; >or=11 vs 0, 1.67; 1.03-2.73), higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (per 5 mg/dL, 0.91; 0.83-0.998), and hearing impairment (2.28; 1.41-3.71) were associated with early AMD. There were no associations of blood pressure level, body mass index, physical activity level, history of heavy drinking, white blood cell count, hematocrit level, platelet count, serum total cholesterol level, or carotid intimal-medial thickness with early AMD. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that early AMD is infrequent before age 55 years but increases with age thereafter. Early AMD is related to modifiable risk factors, eg, smoking and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to examine how retinal drusen, retinal pigmentary abnormalities, and early AMD are related to age, sex, and other risk factors. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2810 people aged 21 to 84 years participating in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study. METHODS: The presence and severity of various characteristics of drusen and other lesions typical of AMD were determined by grading digital color fundus images using the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. RESULTS: Early AMD was present in 3.4% of the cohort and varied from 2.4% in those aged 21 to 34 years to 9.8% in those aged 65 years or older. In a multivariable model (expressed as odds ratio; 95% confidence interval), age (per 5 years of age, 1.22; 1.09-1.36), being male (1.65; 1.01-2.69), more pack-years of cigarettes smoked (1-10 vs 0, 1.31; 0.75-2.29; >or=11 vs 0, 1.67; 1.03-2.73), higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (per 5 mg/dL, 0.91; 0.83-0.998), and hearing impairment (2.28; 1.41-3.71) were associated with early AMD. There were no associations of blood pressure level, body mass index, physical activity level, history of heavy drinking, white blood cell count, hematocrit level, platelet count, serum total cholesterol level, or carotid intimal-medial thickness with early AMD. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that early AMD is infrequent before age 55 years but increases with age thereafter. Early AMD is related to modifiable risk factors, eg, smoking and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
Authors: Cynthia M Carlsson; David M Nondahl; Barbara E K Klein; Patrick E McBride; Mark A Sager; Carla R Schubert; Ronald Klein; Karen J Cruickshanks Journal: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord Date: 2009 Jan-Mar Impact factor: 2.703
Authors: Ronald Klein; Barbara E K Klein; Michael D Knudtson; Stacy M Meuer; Maria Swift; Ronald E Gangnon Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2007-02 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: Ronald Klein; Michael D Knudtson; Kristine E Lee; Ronald E Gangnon; Barbara E K Klein Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2008-09 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: K J Cruickshanks; C R Schubert; D J Snyder; L M Bartoshuk; G H Huang; B E K Klein; R Klein; F J Nieto; J S Pankow; T S Tweed; E M Krantz; G S Moy Journal: Ann N Y Acad Sci Date: 2009-07 Impact factor: 5.691
Authors: J R Vingerling; I Dielemans; A Hofman; D E Grobbee; M Hijmering; C F Kramer; P T de Jong Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 1995-02 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: Cynthia Owsley; Carrie Huisingh; Gregory R Jackson; Christine A Curcio; Alexander J Szalai; Nassrin Dashti; Mark Clark; Kia Rookard; Mark A McCrory; Tyler T Wright; Michael A Callahan; Lanning B Kline; C Douglas Witherspoon; Gerald McGwin Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2014-05-22 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Rita Gangwani; Wico W Lai; Rita Sum; Sarah M McGhee; Catherine W S Chan; Anthony J Hedley; David Wong Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2013-11-27 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Yijun Hu; Haijiang Lin; Bernard Dib; Alp Atik; Peggy Bouzika; Christopher Lin; Yueran Yan; Shibo Tang; Joan W Miller; Demetrios G Vavvas Journal: Discov Med Date: 2014 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 2.970
Authors: Lars G Fritsche; Robert N Fariss; Dwight Stambolian; Gonçalo R Abecasis; Christine A Curcio; Anand Swaroop Journal: Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet Date: 2014-04-16 Impact factor: 8.929
Authors: Ronald Klein; Chelsea E Myers; Stacy M Meuer; Ronald E Gangnon; Theru A Sivakumaran; Sudha K Iyengar; Kristine E Lee; Barbara E K Klein Journal: JAMA Ophthalmol Date: 2013-03 Impact factor: 7.389