Inter-sexual competition in a dioecious grass.

Spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS) occurs in many dioecious angiosperms, but little data are available on the fitness advantages, if any, for males and females. We examined whether reciprocally transplanted male and female seedlings of Distichlis spicata, a dioecious grass species that exhibits extreme SSS, differed in their responses to microhabitats and competition treatments. Plants grown without conspecific competitors grew equally well in both male- or female-majority habitats, suggesting that male and female plants do not have differential resource needs at the juvenile life-history stage. However, plants subject to intra-sexual competition were significantly larger than plants subject to inter-sexual competition, suggesting that niche partitioning may occur in D. spicata.