Genitourinary intervention in children.

The role of interventional radiology in paediatric nephrology and urology is gradually increasing. Some procedures (such as renal biopsy) are best performed using radiological techniques, some (such as ureteric stenting) by either radiologists or urologists, depending on clinical circumstances, and some (such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy) are usually performed jointly by urologists and interventional radiologists. This paper briefly reviews the main non-vascular interventional radiology techniques used in the genitourinary tract in children. Common procedures such as renal biopsy and nephrostomy and related procedures are emphasised.