New therapies in soft tissue sarcoma.

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Soft tissue sarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumors accounting for < 1% of all adult neoplasia. In the last decade, locally advanced and metastatic soft tissue sarcoma have been managed only through surgery, radiotherapy and standard chemotherapy (mainly based on anthracycline and ifosfamide). Despite the efforts, overall 5-year survival rate in patients with soft tissue sarcomas of all stages remains only 50 - 60%. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: In the present article, all the main new molecules under clinical evaluation for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma are revised by describing the mechanism of action, the biological rationale of their use in sarcoma and by reporting the available data about safety and efficacy, up to 2009. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: A brief summary of the standard treatments available at the moment and a complete analysis of the state of art about the development of new target therapies in the management of soft tissue sarcoma. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: The identification of new biological therapies that target soft tissue sarcoma tumorigenesis key points seems to offer a real opportunity of improving the prognosis of this often aggressive disease. In this sense, the best management for soft tissue sarcoma patients is in a clinical trial and participation in clinical trials should be encouraged.