Older volunteers: a discussion of the Minnesota Senior Study.

We used findings from the Minnesota Senior Study to examine the theoretical and methodological difficulties of defining, coding, and analyzing data on older volunteers. This study, the first statewide survey of the needs and resources of the elderly in Minnesota in almost 20 years, found that over half (52%) of older Minnesotans do volunteer work for organizations--considerably higher than has been found in national surveys. Problems in definition and methodology, however, have confounded analyses. This paper proposes a new conceptual model for classifying volunteer roles, based on three dimensions: whether the voluntary service is "formal" or "informal"; whether the activity entails a regular or an occasional time commitment; and the nature of the service activity (person-to-community, person-to-object, or person-to-person).