BACKGROUND: The cholesterol-lowering effectiveness of plant sterol (PS) therapy is hindered by wide-ranging variability in LDL-cholesterol responsiveness across individuals. To capitalize on the LDL-cholesterol-lowering potential of PS in the clinical setting, it is paramount to characterize the metabolic factors that underlie this heterogeneity of responsiveness. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the relation between cholesterol synthesis and plasma LDL-cholesterol reductions in response to PS consumption. DESIGN: We evaluated previously conducted clinical PS interventions incorporating stable-isotope measures of cholesterol synthesis and conducted feeding studies in animal models of response (Syrian Golden hamsters) and nonresponse (C57BL/6J mice) to PS consumption. RESULTS: From our clinical study population (n = 113), we identified 47 nonresponders (3.73 +/- 1.10% change in LDL cholesterol) and 66 responders (-15.16 +/- 1.04% change in LDL cholesterol) to PS therapy. The basal cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) as measured by direct deuterium incorporation was 23% higher (P = 0.003) in the nonresponder subgroup than in responders to PS therapy. The basal cholesterol FSR correlated (r = 0.22, P = 0.02) with the percentage change in LDL cholesterol after PS intervention. In support of our clinical observations, nonresponding mice showed a 77% higher (P = 0.001) basal cholesterol FSR than that of responding hamsters. Compared with control mice, PS-fed mice showed an increase in hepatic nuclear sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 abundance (1.3-fold of control, P = 0.04) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase-mRNA expression (2.4-fold of control, P = 0.00). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that subjects with high basal cholesterol synthesis are less responsive to PS treatment than are subjects with low basal cholesterol synthesis.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The cholesterol-lowering effectiveness of plant sterol (PS) therapy is hindered by wide-ranging variability in LDL-cholesterol responsiveness across individuals. To capitalize on the LDL-cholesterol-lowering potential of PS in the clinical setting, it is paramount to characterize the metabolic factors that underlie this heterogeneity of responsiveness. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the relation between cholesterol synthesis and plasma LDL-cholesterol reductions in response to PS consumption. DESIGN: We evaluated previously conducted clinical PS interventions incorporating stable-isotope measures of cholesterol synthesis and conducted feeding studies in animal models of response (Syrian Golden hamsters) and nonresponse (C57BL/6J mice) to PS consumption. RESULTS: From our clinical study population (n = 113), we identified 47 nonresponders (3.73 +/- 1.10% change in LDL cholesterol) and 66 responders (-15.16 +/- 1.04% change in LDL cholesterol) to PS therapy. The basal cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) as measured by direct deuterium incorporation was 23% higher (P = 0.003) in the nonresponder subgroup than in responders to PS therapy. The basal cholesterol FSR correlated (r = 0.22, P = 0.02) with the percentage change in LDL cholesterol after PS intervention. In support of our clinical observations, nonresponding mice showed a 77% higher (P = 0.001) basal cholesterol FSR than that of responding hamsters. Compared with control mice, PS-fed mice showed an increase in hepatic nuclear sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 abundance (1.3-fold of control, P = 0.04) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase-mRNA expression (2.4-fold of control, P = 0.00). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that subjects with high basal cholesterol synthesis are less responsive to PS treatment than are subjects with low basal cholesterol synthesis.
Authors: Jie Liu; Aadil Iqbal; Amy Raslawsky; Richard W Browne; Mulchand S Patel; Todd C Rideout Journal: Mol Nutr Food Res Date: 2016-06-23 Impact factor: 5.914
Authors: Dragan Milenkovic; Christine Morand; Aedin Cassidy; Aleksandra Konic-Ristic; Francisco Tomás-Barberán; José M Ordovas; Paul Kroon; Raffaele De Caterina; Ana Rodriguez-Mateos Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2017-07-14 Impact factor: 8.701
Authors: Harri Juhani Saarinen; Chaiyasit Sittiwet; Piia Simonen; Markku J Nissinen; Ulf-Håkan Stenman; Helena Gylling; Ari Palomäki Journal: J Investig Med Date: 2017-08-11 Impact factor: 2.895