Neurodevelopmental actions of leptin.

Leptin is well known as an important hormone in the central control of feeding behavior. During development, fetuses and newborns are exposed to leptin and recent evidence has shown that leptin receptors are widespread throughout the developing brain. Accordingly, leptin affects brain development during both pre- and postnatal life. The actions of leptin in the developing brain are generally permanent and range from the establishment of hypothalamic circuits to plasticity in cortical pathways. The cellular events mediated by leptin include the following: neurogenesis, axon growth, and synaptogenesis. Nutritional manipulation of leptin secretion during perinatal life has generated considerable concern, and the developing brain appears to be a particularly sensitive target for these environmental changes. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.