Meningomyelocele in the neonate: medical and ethical considerations.

Whether to treat or not to treat a high neural tube lesion presents a significant ethical dilemma. In the past two decades, the medical practice regarding the approach to a neonate with a neural tube defect has gone through a series of philosophical and therapeutic changes. Medical, ethical, religious, and legal systems have grappled inconclusively with the various aspects of these issues in recent years. In this article, the pros and cons of relevant medical and ethical considerations are analyzed, and a decision-making process is outlined. It is suggested that in order to enhance the ability of the responsible care provider and the parents to reach reasonable and morally defensible decisions, a properly organized decision-making process ought to be adhered to. Each individual patient should be analyzed according to the following major categories: medical data, basic ethical and religious principles, legal and/or institutional regulations, and physician-parents relationship. Based on current medical knowledge and on pertinent ethical reasoning, it is argued and recommended that almost always, if possible, aggressive management should be favored.