BACKGROUND: Elementary schools represent both a source of childhood sun exposure and a setting for educational interventions. METHODS: Sun Protection of Florida's Children was a cluster randomized trial promoting hat use at (primary outcome) and outside of schools among fourth-grade students during August 8, 2006, through May 22, 2007. Twenty-two schools were randomly assigned to the intervention (1115 students) or control group (1376 students). Intervention schools received classroom sessions targeting sun protection attitudes and social norms. Each student attending an intervention school received two free wide-brimmed hats. Hat use at school was measured by direct observation and hat use outside of school was measured by self-report. A subgroup of 378 students (178 in the intervention group and 200 in the control group) underwentserial measurements of skin pigmentation to explore potential physiological effects of the intervention. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the intervention effect by accounting for the cluster randomized trial design. All P values were two-sided and were claimed as statistically significant at a level of .05. RESULTS: The percentage of students observed wearing hats at control schools remained essentially unchanged during the school year (baseline = 2%, fall = 0%, and spring = 1%) but increased statistically significantly at intervention schools (baseline = 2%, fall = 30%, and spring = 41%) (P < .001 for intervention effect comparing the change in rate of hat use over time at intervention vs control schools). Self-reported use of hats outside of school did not change statistically significantly during the study (control: baseline = 14%, fall = 14%, and spring = 11%; intervention: baseline = 24%, fall = 24%, and spring = 23%) nor did measures of skin pigmentation. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention increased use of hats among fourth-grade students at school but had no effect on self-reported wide-brimmed hat use outside of school or on measures of skin pigmentation.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Elementary schools represent both a source of childhood sun exposure and a setting for educational interventions. METHODS: Sun Protection of Florida's Children was a cluster randomized trial promoting hat use at (primary outcome) and outside of schools among fourth-grade students during August 8, 2006, through May 22, 2007. Twenty-two schools were randomly assigned to the intervention (1115 students) or control group (1376 students). Intervention schools received classroom sessions targeting sun protection attitudes and social norms. Each student attending an intervention school received two free wide-brimmed hats. Hat use at school was measured by direct observation and hat use outside of school was measured by self-report. A subgroup of 378 students (178 in the intervention group and 200 in the control group) underwent serial measurements of skin pigmentation to explore potential physiological effects of the intervention. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the intervention effect by accounting for the cluster randomized trial design. All P values were two-sided and were claimed as statistically significant at a level of .05. RESULTS: The percentage of students observed wearing hats at control schools remained essentially unchanged during the school year (baseline = 2%, fall = 0%, and spring = 1%) but increased statistically significantly at intervention schools (baseline = 2%, fall = 30%, and spring = 41%) (P < .001 for intervention effect comparing the change in rate of hat use over time at intervention vs control schools). Self-reported use of hats outside of school did not change statistically significantly during the study (control: baseline = 14%, fall = 14%, and spring = 11%; intervention: baseline = 24%, fall = 24%, and spring = 23%) nor did measures of skin pigmentation. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention increased use of hats among fourth-grade students at school but had no effect on self-reported wide-brimmed hat use outside of school or on measures of skin pigmentation.
Authors: Elizabeth Milne; Robyn Johnston; Donna Cross; Billie Giles-Corti; Dallas R English Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2002-04-15 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: C D Holman; B K Armstrong; P J Heenan; J B Blackwell; F J Cumming; D R English; S Holland; G R Kelsall; L R Matz; I L Rouse Journal: Recent Results Cancer Res Date: 1986
Authors: Seft Hunter; Kristen J Wells; Paul B Jacobsen; Ji-Hyun Lee; David Boulware; Kymia Love-Jackson; Rania Abdulla; Richard G Roetzheim Journal: Pediatr Dermatol Date: 2009-07-20 Impact factor: 1.588
Authors: Lori A Crane; Nancy L Asdigian; Anna E Barón; Jenny Aalborg; Alfred C Marcus; Stefan T Mokrohisky; Tim E Byers; Robert P Dellavalle; Joseph G Morelli Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2012-10 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: Richard G Roetzheim; Kymia M Love-Jackson; Seft G Hunter; Ji-Hyun Lee; Ren Chen; Rania Abdulla; Kristen J Wells Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2011-12 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: Michelle R Iannacone; Danny R Youlden; Peter D Baade; Joanne F Aitken; Adèle C Green Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2014-05-17 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Ignazio Stanganelli; Luigi Naldi; Simone Cazzaniga; Sara Gandini; Serena Magi; Pietro Quaglino; Simone Ribero; Marco Simonacci; Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta; Francesco Spagnolo; Giuseppe Palmieri; Paola Queirolo Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Date: 2020-01 Impact factor: 1.817