The effect of tectorial membrane and basilar membrane longitudinal coupling in cochlear mechanics.

Most mathematical models of the mammalian cochlea neglect structural longitudinal coupling. However, recent experimental data suggest that viscoelastic longitudinal coupling, in the basilar membrane (BM) and the tectorial membrane (TM), is non-negligible. In this paper, mathematical models for BM and TM longitudinal coupling are presented to determine the influence of such a coupling on the tuning of the BM. The longitudinal coupling models are added to a macroscopic linear model of the guinea pig cochlea that includes the micromechanics of the organ of Corti and outer hair cell (OHC) somatic motility. The predictions of the BM response to acoustic stimulus show that the characteristic frequency is controlled by a TM radial resonance and that TM longitudinal coupling has a more significant effect than BM longitudinal coupling. TM viscoelasticity controls the sharpness of the BM frequency response and the duration of the impulse response. The results with realistic TM longitudinal coupling are more consistent with experiments. The model predicts that OHC somatic electromotility is able to supply power to the BM at frequencies well above the cutoff of the OHC basolateral membrane. Moreover, TM longitudinal coupling is predicted to stabilize the cochlea and enable a higher BM sensitivity to acoustic stimulation.