Cervical magnetic stimulation: the role of the neural foramen.

Magnetic stimulation of cervical nerve roots is a promising new technique, limited in part by uncertainty about the site of nerve depolarization. We used a modified "butterfly" stimulus coil with an easily defined excitation field to activate the C-8/T-1 nerve roots, recording over abductor digiti minimi. Locating both the lowest threshold for stimulation and the points of maximum stimulation, we determined the optimum rostral-caudal position and orientation for the stimulus coil over the posterior neck and upper trunk. The most favorable positions corresponded to the C-8/T-1 neural foramina, and the most favorable orientations to the roots within them. Additional measurements of depth and electric field suggested that the stimuli used should have been insufficient to activate nervous tissue in a homogeneous medium. A simple model indicates that the induced current is intensified where it passes through a bony foramen and explains preferential excitation of the nerve root at this site.