Tension pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema during retrieval of an ingested lithium button battery.

We present a case of a child with an ingested lithium battery causing esophageal perforation with mediastinal injury extending to the pleural cavity. During the endoscopic retrieval of the battery, the child developed the rare complication of subcutaneous emphysema, tension pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum from excessive iatrogenic air insufflation. The patient developed mediastinitis and had a complicated postoperative course.