Dennis J L G Schutter1, Ruud Hortensius. 1. Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Research Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands. d.schutter@uu.nl
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine possible retinal contributions to cortically induced phosphenes by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) involving the visual cortex. METHODS: Self-reported phosphene ratings and voltage-related potentials from the canthus, supra-orbital and sub-orbital regions of the right eye were measured to 2, 10 and 20 Hz tACS at 250 and 1000 microA intensities in healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Qualitatively similar, but more intense phosphenes were reported during frontalis-vertex tACS as compared to occiput-vertex tACS. In addition, voltage-related potentials were recorded at the canthus and orbit regions of the eye during frontalis-vertex, occiput-vertex and occiput-right shoulder tACS. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of phosphenes during tACS involving the visual cortex is influenced by volume conductions effects of the scalp. SIGNIFICANCE: Retinal effects should be taken into account when studying the cortical modulatory effects of tACS. Copyright 2010 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVE: To examine possible retinal contributions to cortically induced phosphenes by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) involving the visual cortex. METHODS: Self-reported phosphene ratings and voltage-related potentials from the canthus, supra-orbital and sub-orbital regions of the right eye were measured to 2, 10 and 20 Hz tACS at 250 and 1000 microA intensities in healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Qualitatively similar, but more intense phosphenes were reported during frontalis-vertex tACS as compared to occiput-vertex tACS. In addition, voltage-related potentials were recorded at the canthus and orbit regions of the eye during frontalis-vertex, occiput-vertex and occiput-right shoulder tACS. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of phosphenes during tACS involving the visual cortex is influenced by volume conductions effects of the scalp. SIGNIFICANCE: Retinal effects should be taken into account when studying the cortical modulatory effects of tACS. Copyright 2010 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors: K Setsompop; R Kimmlingen; E Eberlein; T Witzel; J Cohen-Adad; J A McNab; B Keil; M D Tisdall; P Hoecht; P Dietz; S F Cauley; V Tountcheva; V Matschl; V H Lenz; K Heberlein; A Potthast; H Thein; J Van Horn; A Toga; F Schmitt; D Lehne; B R Rosen; V Wedeen; L L Wald Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2013-05-24 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Matthew R Krause; Pedro G Vieira; Bennett A Csorba; Praveen K Pilly; Christopher C Pack Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2019-03-04 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: A J Woods; A Antal; M Bikson; P S Boggio; A R Brunoni; P Celnik; L G Cohen; F Fregni; C S Herrmann; E S Kappenman; H Knotkova; D Liebetanz; C Miniussi; P C Miranda; W Paulus; A Priori; D Reato; C Stagg; N Wenderoth; M A Nitsche Journal: Clin Neurophysiol Date: 2015-11-22 Impact factor: 3.708