Computer-assisted craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) describes all forms of surgery planning or execution that incorporate various forms of advanced imaging, software, analysis, and planning and, in some cases, rapid prototyping technology, robotics, and image-guidance systems. Innovation is progressing rapidly, and new forms of technology continue to be incorporated and evaluated for their value in improving daily operations. This article reviews imaging, enhanced three-dimensional diagnostics, tactile models, CAS concepts, reconstructive surgery, bone flap shaping, distraction osteogenesis, and orthognathic surgery in relation to craniomaxillofacial surgery. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.