CONTEXT: Scapular strength deficits have been linked to shoulder dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To establish normative data on the scapulothoracic musculature in normal subjects using a handheld dynamometer. DESIGN: Descriptive normative data study. SETTING: Field research. SUBJECTS: 172 subjects with varying levels of overhead activity. METHODS: A handheld dynamometer was used to test the upper, middle, and lower trapezius; rhomboids; and serratus anterior. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A 2-factor ANOVA was performed for each of the muscles by activity level and unilateral ratio by activity-level analyses. Post hoc analysis included multiple pairwise comparisons, using the Dunn-Bonferroni correction method. RESULTS: Activity level did not significantly affect the unilateral ratios: Elevation:depression was 2.5:1, upward:downward rotation was 1.5:1, and protraction:retraction was 1.25:1. A rank order from strongest to weakest was established through significant comparisons. CONCLUSION: The unilateral ratios along with the rank order should be considered when discussing scapular rehabilitation protocols.
CONTEXT: Scapular strength deficits have been linked to shoulder dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To establish normative data on the scapulothoracic musculature in normal subjects using a handheld dynamometer. DESIGN: Descriptive normative data study. SETTING: Field research. SUBJECTS: 172 subjects with varying levels of overhead activity. METHODS: A handheld dynamometer was used to test the upper, middle, and lower trapezius; rhomboids; and serratus anterior. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A 2-factor ANOVA was performed for each of the muscles by activity level and unilateral ratio by activity-level analyses. Post hoc analysis included multiple pairwise comparisons, using the Dunn-Bonferroni correction method. RESULTS: Activity level did not significantly affect the unilateral ratios: Elevation:depression was 2.5:1, upward:downward rotation was 1.5:1, and protraction:retraction was 1.25:1. A rank order from strongest to weakest was established through significant comparisons. CONCLUSION: The unilateral ratios along with the rank order should be considered when discussing scapular rehabilitation protocols.
Authors: Richard B Westrick; Michele L Duffey; Kenneth L Cameron; J Parry Gerber; Brett D Owens Journal: Sports Health Date: 2013-01 Impact factor: 3.843
Authors: Sean M Kennedy; Philip Sheedy; Brooks Klein; Mason F Gist; Joseph P Hannon; John E Conway; Kalyssa Creed; J Craig Garrison Journal: Orthop J Sports Med Date: 2022-01-07