Yu Zhang1, Brian Oliver. 1. Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8028, USA. yuzhang@niddk.nih.gov
Abstract
BACKGROUND: X chromosomes are subject to dosage compensation in Drosophila males. Dosage compensation requires cis sequence features of the X chromosome that are present in both sexes by definition and trans acting factors that target chromatin modifying machinery to the X specifically in males. The evolution of this system could result in neutral X chromatin changes that will be apparent in females. RESULTS: We find that the general chromatin structure of female X chromosomes is distinct from autosomes. Additionally, specific histone marks associated with dosage compensation and active chromatin marks on the male X chromosome are also enriched on the X chromosomes of females, albeit to a lesser degree. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that X chromatin structure is fundamentally different from autosome structure in both sexes. We suggest that the differences between the X chromosomes and autosomes in females are a consequence of mechanisms that have evolved to ensure sufficient X chromosome expression in the soma of males.
BACKGROUND: X chromosomes are subject to dosage compensation in Drosophila males. Dosage compensation requires cis sequence features of the X chromosome that are present in both sexes by definition and trans acting factors that target chromatin modifying machinery to the X specifically in males. The evolution of this system could result in neutral X chromatin changes that will be apparent in females. RESULTS: We find that the general chromatin structure of female X chromosomes is distinct from autosomes. Additionally, specific histone marks associated with dosage compensation and active chromatin marks on the male X chromosome are also enriched on the X chromosomes of females, albeit to a lesser degree. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that X chromatin structure is fundamentally different from autosome structure in both sexes. We suggest that the differences between the X chromosomes and autosomes in females are a consequence of mechanisms that have evolved to ensure sufficient X chromosome expression in the soma of males.
Authors: E R Smith; A Eisen; W Gu; M Sattah; A Pannuti; J Zhou; R G Cook; J C Lucchesi; C D Allis Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 1998-03-31 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Ian Birch-Machin; Shan Gao; David Huen; Richard McGirr; Robert A H White; Steven Russell Journal: Genome Biol Date: 2005-06-10 Impact factor: 13.583
Authors: Lin Sun; Adam F Johnson; Jilong Li; Aaron S Lambdin; Jianlin Cheng; James A Birchler Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2013-09-23 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Fidel Ramírez; Thomas Lingg; Sarah Toscano; Kin Chung Lam; Plamen Georgiev; Ho-Ryun Chung; Bryan R Lajoie; Elzo de Wit; Ye Zhan; Wouter de Laat; Job Dekker; Thomas Manke; Asifa Akhtar Journal: Mol Cell Date: 2015-10-01 Impact factor: 17.970
Authors: Jose L Campos; Kai Zeng; Darren J Parker; Brian Charlesworth; Penelope R Haddrill Journal: Mol Biol Evol Date: 2012-11-29 Impact factor: 16.240