BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major etiological agent of sporadic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To detect, quantify and characterize genogroups and genotypes of NoVs in children with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: NoVs were investigated by RT-PCR in a total of 319 fecal specimens from children up to three years old with (n=229) and without (n=90) acute diarrhea, between February 2003 and June 2004 in the emergency room in Vitória, Southeastern Brazil. NoVs were quantified by real-time PCR and genotyped. RESULTS: NoVs were detected in 17% (40/229) and 13% (12/90) of symptomatic and asymptomatic children, respectively. Six NoV-rotavirus A mixed infections were observed. Fifty-one strains were characterized as NoV GII and one as GI. Twenty strains were characterized as GII/4 (9/13), GII/3 (1/13), GII/6 (2/13) and GII/14 (1/13) in symptomatic and GII/3 (6/7) and GII/8 (1/7) in asymptomatic children. The median RNA viral loads were 8.39 and 7.15log(10)copies/g of fecal specimens for symptomatic and asymptomatic children, respectively (p=0.011). NoV load was lower when it was present in a mixed infection with rotavirus A (p=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a diversity of NoV strains circulating in this geographic area, and reports GII/8 and GII/14 in the American Continent for the first time. In addition, it confirms GII/4 as the most prevalent genotype in symptomatic children and identified GII/3 in an important frequency, especially in asymptomatic children. Furthermore, preliminary results show that symptomatic patients present a viral load that is significantly greater than asymptomatic children (p=0.011). Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major etiological agent of sporadic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To detect, quantify and characterize genogroups and genotypes of NoVs in children with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: NoVs were investigated by RT-PCR in a total of 319 fecal specimens from children up to three years old with (n=229) and without (n=90) acute diarrhea, between February 2003 and June 2004 in the emergency room in Vitória, Southeastern Brazil. NoVs were quantified by real-time PCR and genotyped. RESULTS: NoVs were detected in 17% (40/229) and 13% (12/90) of symptomatic and asymptomatic children, respectively. Six NoV-rotavirus A mixed infections were observed. Fifty-one strains were characterized as NoV GII and one as GI. Twenty strains were characterized as GII/4 (9/13), GII/3 (1/13), GII/6 (2/13) and GII/14 (1/13) in symptomatic and GII/3 (6/7) and GII/8 (1/7) in asymptomatic children. The median RNA viral loads were 8.39 and 7.15log(10)copies/g of fecal specimens for symptomatic and asymptomatic children, respectively (p=0.011). NoV load was lower when it was present in a mixed infection with rotavirus A (p=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a diversity of NoV strains circulating in this geographic area, and reports GII/8 and GII/14 in the American Continent for the first time. In addition, it confirms GII/4 as the most prevalent genotype in symptomatic children and identified GII/3 in an important frequency, especially in asymptomatic children. Furthermore, preliminary results show that symptomatic patients present a viral load that is significantly greater than asymptomatic children (p=0.011). Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Authors: Jie Liu; James A Platts-Mills; Jane Juma; Furqan Kabir; Joseph Nkeze; Catherine Okoi; Darwin J Operario; Jashim Uddin; Shahnawaz Ahmed; Pedro L Alonso; Martin Antonio; Stephen M Becker; William C Blackwelder; Robert F Breiman; Abu S G Faruque; Barry Fields; Jean Gratz; Rashidul Haque; Anowar Hossain; M Jahangir Hossain; Sheikh Jarju; Farah Qamar; Najeeha Talat Iqbal; Brenda Kwambana; Inacio Mandomando; Timothy L McMurry; Caroline Ochieng; John B Ochieng; Melvin Ochieng; Clayton Onyango; Sandra Panchalingam; Adil Kalam; Fatima Aziz; Shahida Qureshi; Thandavarayan Ramamurthy; James H Roberts; Debasish Saha; Samba O Sow; Suzanne E Stroup; Dipika Sur; Boubou Tamboura; Mami Taniuchi; Sharon M Tennant; Deanna Toema; Yukun Wu; Anita Zaidi; James P Nataro; Karen L Kotloff; Myron M Levine; Eric R Houpt Journal: Lancet Date: 2016-09-24 Impact factor: 79.321