BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness and pulse wave reflection are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pulse wave analyses (PWAs) allow the estimation of the central augmentation index (AIx), a measurement of pulse wave reflection. To understand the predictive role of AIx, reference values for AIx are needed. METHODS: This population study is based on 4,561 subjects from The Copenhagen City Heart Study, an ongoing epidemiological survey started in 1976, including subjects randomly chosen from the population in Copenhagen, Denmark. We calculated and internally validated reference values of AIx measured by the SphygmoCor device in a cohort without known CVD or diabetes, and with low risk of CVD according to HeartScore using gender-specific multiple regression analyses adjusting for age, heart rate, and height. RESULTS: AIx was significantly higher in women than in men, 30% vs. 22%, (P < 0.001) and the increase in AIx with age was curvilinear. There were 972 subjects in the low-risk cohort with mean AIx 28% in women (N = 565) and 18% in men (N = 407) (P < 0.001). We report the following internally validated reference equations for AIx: men: AIx = 79.20 + 0.63 (age) - 0.002 (age(2)) - 0.28 (heart rate) - 0.39 (height). Women: AIx = 56.28 + 0.90 (age) - 0.005 (age(2)) - 0.34 (heart rate) - 0.24 (height). AIx appeared to increase with increasing risk of CVD according to HeartScore. CONCLUSIONS: We report a novel and internally validated gender-specific equation including age, heart rate, and height to calculate reference values for AIx.
BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness and pulse wave reflection are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pulse wave analyses (PWAs) allow the estimation of the central augmentation index (AIx), a measurement of pulse wave reflection. To understand the predictive role of AIx, reference values for AIx are needed. METHODS: This population study is based on 4,561 subjects from The Copenhagen City Heart Study, an ongoing epidemiological survey started in 1976, including subjects randomly chosen from the population in Copenhagen, Denmark. We calculated and internally validated reference values of AIx measured by the SphygmoCor device in a cohort without known CVD or diabetes, and with low risk of CVD according to HeartScore using gender-specific multiple regression analyses adjusting for age, heart rate, and height. RESULTS: AIx was significantly higher in women than in men, 30% vs. 22%, (P < 0.001) and the increase in AIx with age was curvilinear. There were 972 subjects in the low-risk cohort with mean AIx 28% in women (N = 565) and 18% in men (N = 407) (P < 0.001). We report the following internally validated reference equations for AIx: men: AIx = 79.20 + 0.63 (age) - 0.002 (age(2)) - 0.28 (heart rate) - 0.39 (height). Women: AIx = 56.28 + 0.90 (age) - 0.005 (age(2)) - 0.34 (heart rate) - 0.24 (height). AIx appeared to increase with increasing risk of CVD according to HeartScore. CONCLUSIONS: We report a novel and internally validated gender-specific equation including age, heart rate, and height to calculate reference values for AIx.
Authors: Jenny Theorell-Haglöw; Camilla M Hoyos; Craig L Phillips; Brendon J Yee; Kerri L Melehan; Peter Y Liu; Peter A Cistulli; Ronald R Grunstein Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2019-02-15 Impact factor: 4.062
Authors: Balázs Németh; István Kiss; Bella Ajtay; Iván Péter; Zita Kreska; Attila Cziráki; Iván G Horváth; Zénó Ajtay Journal: In Vivo Date: 2018 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 2.155
Authors: Denis Babici; Raymond K Kudej; Tara McNulty; Jie Zhang; Marko Oydanich; Tolga Berkman; Koichi Nishimura; Sanford P Bishop; Dorothy E Vatner; Stephen F Vatner Journal: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Date: 2020-06-12 Impact factor: 4.733
Authors: Jang-Young Kim; Jeong Bae Park; Dong Soo Kim; Kee Sik Kim; Jin Won Jeong; Jong Chun Park; Byung Hee Oh; Namsik Chung Journal: Pulse (Basel) Date: 2014-08-14
Authors: Stefano Omboni; Igor Posokhov; Gianfranco Parati; Anatoly Rogoza; Yulia Kotovskaya; Ayana Arystan; Alberto Avolio; Vitaliy Barkan; Natalia Bulanova; Ernesto Cardona Muñoz; Elena Grigoricheva; Alexandra Konradi; Irina Minyukhina; Maria Lorenza Muiesan; Giuseppe Mulè; Iana Orlova; Telmo Pereira; João Manuel Peixoto Maldonado; Mikhail E Statsenko; Ioan Tilea; Gabriel Waisman Journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) Date: 2019-07-11 Impact factor: 3.738
Authors: Julio A Chirinos; Jan G Kips; Mary J Roman; Josefina Medina-Lezama; Yan Li; Angela J Woodiwiss; Gavin R Norton; Luc Van Bortel; Ji-Guang Wang; John R Cockcroft; Richard B Devereux; Ian B Wilkinson; Patrick Segers; Carmel M McEniery Journal: Hypertension Date: 2011-05-02 Impact factor: 10.190