The therapeutic milieu reconceptualized for the 21st century.

The notion of the therapeutic milieu has come under fire for lack of relevance to current inpatient psychiatric care environments. Yet, in different fields of health care, scholars are suggesting a need to build healing environments. A view of the therapeutic milieu as an optimal healing environment based on continuous healing relationships, patient-centered care, safety as a systems priority, and cooperation among clinicians provides a framework to organize care in a holistic manner that supports positive health outcomes. This approach provides a platform for nurses and other clinicians to expand the view of a milieu traditionally limited to the unit environment to one that includes a broad systems context.