In situ surgical procedures for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: partial abdominal evisceration and intestinal autotransplantation.

BACKGROUND/
PURPOSE: Pancreatic cancers in which invasion to the root of the mesentery are suspected have been regarded as unresectable in general. We report the surgical techniques in two cases of locally advanced pancreatic cancer for which in situ surgical procedures including partial abdominal evisceration and intestinal autotransplantation were performed.
METHODS: The patients were a woman 57 years of age and a man 64 years of age. Both cases had a locally advanced cancer that had originated in the pancreatic uncus and was found to have invaded the root of the mesentery, as well as the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). The cancers in both patients were assessed as resectable because the jejunal artery and vein were secured intact at a site peripheral from the root of the mesentery, and the origin of the SMA along with the portal and splenic veins was intact at a proximal site, so pancreatectomy and resection of the transverse and ascending colons were performed. The SMA and the SMV were ablated just below each origin at a site proximal to the root of the mesentery. At a distal site, two jejunal arteries and one jejunal vein were kept intact and all the remaining arteries and veins were ablated. The remaining small intestine had become a free autograft. As for the portal and jejunal veins, end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Reconstruction of the SMA was achieved with an end-to-end anastomosis, using the right internal iliac artery as a graft. Reconstruction of the alimentary tract was achieved using small intestine as an autograft.
RESULTS: Both patients survived the major operative procedures. Warm ischemia time was 84 min for the SMA and 12 min for the SMV-portal system in Case 1 while it was 30 min for the SMA and 25 min for the SMV-portal system in Case 2. No ex-vivo resection technique was used. Leakage occurred in both cases at the anastomotic lesion between the small intestine and the left colon. Abdominal drainage and conservative treatment were applied in both cases. Cure was achieved within 3 months postoperatively in Case 1 and within 2.5 months in Case 2. Subsequently, the patients returned to their preoperative lives. Case 1 died 11 months and Case 2 died 12 months after the operation due to abdominal dissemination and liver metastases.
CONCLUSIONS: We were able to perform in situ procedures including partial abdominal evisceration and intestinal autotransplantation for two cases of pancreatic cancer with possible invasion to the root of the mesentery. There are few reports of such procedures. There has been one report of a case which applied an ex vivo technique. It is expected that the development of adequate adjuvant therapy will lead to further improvement in the prognosis of pancreatic cancers.