F-18 FDG PET/CT showing bilateral breast involvement in acute myeloid leukemia relapse.

Isolated extramedullary relapse with involvement of the breasts by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is an uncommon event. We here report the case of a 27-year-old female patient, who was diagnosed with high-risk AML (FAB M5, complex karyotype). Fourteen months after successful bone marrow transplantation, she presented with asymptomatic masses in both breasts. Ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed and histopathology revealed relapsing AML. F-18 FDG PET/CT was performed for whole-body staging and intense multifocal uptake was seen in both breasts and in the abdomen. Isolated extramedullary disease recurrence was confirmed by bone marrow biopsy.