Emerging inflammatory markers for assessing coronary heart disease risk.

Although assessment of traditional coronary heart disease risk factors can often stratify individuals into low- or high-risk categories, additional means are needed to more precisely classify people clinically defined as intermediate-risk, to guide the intensity of risk-reducing therapies. The recognition that inflammatory pathways are important in the progression of atherosclerosis and its complications has prompted investigation to identify circulating risk markers that may be useful in risk stratification. This article summarizes recent studies on the current use of an emerging group of inflammatory markers: soluble CD-40 ligand, interleukin-18, myeloperoxidase, B-type natriuretic peptides, secretory phospholipase A(2), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2), and C-reactive protein. The demonstration that lowering C-reactive protein along with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statins reduces events beyond cholesterol lowering alone suggests that titration of therapies using other emerging inflammatory markers may further reduce the toll of atherosclerosis in adult populations.