PURPOSE: This was a phase I trial to determine the minimal effective dose and optimal dose schedule for 5-azacytidine (5-AC) in combination with sodium phenylbutyrate in patients with refractory solid tumors. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antineoplastic effects were also studied. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Three dosing regimens were studied in 27 patients with advanced solid tumors, and toxicity was recorded. The pharmacokinetics of the combination of drugs was evaluated. Repeat tumor biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed to evaluate epigenetic changes in response to therapy. EBV titers were evaluated as a surrogate measure for gene re-expression of epigenetic modulation in PBMC. RESULTS: The three dose regimens of 5-AC and phenylbutyrate were generally well tolerated and safe. A total of 48 cycles was administrated to 27 patients. The most common toxicities were bone marrow suppression-related neutropenia and anemia, which were minor. The clinical response rate was disappointing for the combination of agents. One patient showed stable disease for 5 months whereas 26 patients showed progressive disease as the best tumor response. The administration of phenylbutyrate and 5-AC did not seem to alter the pharmacokinetics of either drug. Although there were individual cases of targeted DNA methyltransferase activity and histone H3/4 acetylation changes from paired biopsy or PBMC, no conclusive statement can be made based on these limited correlative studies. CONCLUSION: The combination of 5-AC and phenylbutyrate across three dose schedules was generally well tolerated and safe, yet lacked any real evidence for clinical benefit.
PURPOSE: This was a phase I trial to determine the minimal effective dose and optimal dose schedule for 5-azacytidine (5-AC) in combination with sodium phenylbutyrate in patients with refractory solid tumors. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antineoplastic effects were also studied. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Three dosing regimens were studied in 27 patients with advanced solid tumors, and toxicity was recorded. The pharmacokinetics of the combination of drugs was evaluated. Repeat tumor biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed to evaluate epigenetic changes in response to therapy. EBV titers were evaluated as a surrogate measure for gene re-expression of epigenetic modulation in PBMC. RESULTS: The three dose regimens of 5-AC and phenylbutyrate were generally well tolerated and safe. A total of 48 cycles was administrated to 27 patients. The most common toxicities were bone marrow suppression-related neutropenia and anemia, which were minor. The clinical response rate was disappointing for the combination of agents. One patient showed stable disease for 5 months whereas 26 patients showed progressive disease as the best tumor response. The administration of phenylbutyrate and 5-AC did not seem to alter the pharmacokinetics of either drug. Although there were individual cases of targeted DNA methyltransferase activity and histone H3/4 acetylation changes from paired biopsy or PBMC, no conclusive statement can be made based on these limited correlative studies. CONCLUSION: The combination of 5-AC and phenylbutyrate across three dose schedules was generally well tolerated and safe, yet lacked any real evidence for clinical benefit.
Authors: L R Silverman; J F Holland; R S Weinberg; B P Alter; R B Davis; R R Ellison; E P Demakos; C J Cornell; R W Carey; C Schiffer Journal: Leukemia Date: 1993-05 Impact factor: 11.528
Authors: Anthony T C Chan; Qian Tao; Keith D Robertson; Ian W Flinn; Risa B Mann; Barbara Klencke; Wing Hong Kwan; Thomas Wai-Tong Leung; Philip J Johnson; Richard F Ambinder Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2004-03-08 Impact factor: 44.544
Authors: Aaron N Nguyen; Paul W Hollenbach; Normand Richard; Antonio Luna-Moran; Helen Brady; Carla Heise; Kyle J MacBeth Journal: Lung Cancer (Auckl) Date: 2010-09-09
Authors: Anastasios Stathis; Sebastien J Hotte; Eric X Chen; Holger W Hirte; Amit M Oza; Patricia Moretto; Sheila Webster; Anne Laughlin; Lee-Anne Stayner; Shauna McGill; Lisa Wang; Wen-Jiang Zhang; Igor Espinoza-Delgado; Julianne L Holleran; Merrill J Egorin; Lillian L Siu Journal: Clin Cancer Res Date: 2009-05-20 Impact factor: 12.531