Impedance analysis for hydrogen adsorption pseudocapacitance and electrochemically active surface area of Pt electrode.

Electrochemically active surface area (ECA) of a polycrystalline Pt electrode is measured from the pseudocapacitance (Cp) values that are associated with hydrogen underpotential deposition. The potential-dependent Cp values are extracted from the raw impedance data by removing the interferences coming from the double-layer charging and hydrogen evolution. Three different approaches have been made: (i) by using the proportionality between the capacitance and area of the capacitive peak on imaginary capacitance plots, (ii) by complex nonlinear least-squares (CNLS) fitting on both the imaginary and real part of complex capacitance with appropriate equivalent circuits, and (iii) by using the modified Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relation. The first approach is the simplest one for the Cp measurement but cannot be used in the hydrogen evolution region (<0.05 V vs RHE), whereas the measurement can be extended down to -0.01 V with the second method. The isotherm fitting on the Cp(E) profile shows that the saturation of adsorbed hydrogen is reached at -0.1 V vs RHE. Faster data acquisition is possible with the third approach since the data analysis can be made without the time-consuming low frequency data (<100 Hz). The roughness factor and ECA of the Pt electrode are calculated from the electric charge that is obtained by integrating the potential-dependent Cp values; the roughness factor (1.4-1.5) lies within the normal range for planar electrodes.