OBJECTIVE: This study compared cytokine and prostaglandin (PG) responses by fetal membranes stimulated with 4 different bacterial species associated with preterm birth (PTB). STUDY DESIGN: Fetal membranes (n = 13 from normal term cesarean sections [not in labor]) in an organ explant system were stimulated with heat-killed Ureaplasma parvum, Gardanerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, group B Streptococcus (GBS), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, and interferon-gamma) and PG (PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2)) concentrations were quantitated and compared. RESULTS: LPS and E coli increased all cytokine and PG productions compared with controls. Cytokine profiles were similar after G vaginalis and GBS stimulation. G vaginalis increased PGE(2), whereas GBS increased PGF(2alpha). U parvum demonstrated the mildest response with only IL-10 and TNF-alpha concentrations being higher with no detectible effect on PGs. CONCLUSION: Fetal membrane cytokine signatures of 4 different bacteria associated with PTB are distinct, suggesting that infection as a potential cause of PTB is not homogeneous in its presentation.
OBJECTIVE: This study compared cytokine and prostaglandin (PG) responses by fetal membranes stimulated with 4 different bacterial species associated with preterm birth (PTB). STUDY DESIGN: Fetal membranes (n = 13 from normal term cesarean sections [not in labor]) in an organ explant system were stimulated with heat-killed Ureaplasma parvum, Gardanerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, group B Streptococcus (GBS), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, and interferon-gamma) and PG (PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2)) concentrations were quantitated and compared. RESULTS:LPS and E coli increased all cytokine and PG productions compared with controls. Cytokine profiles were similar after G vaginalis and GBS stimulation. G vaginalis increased PGE(2), whereas GBS increased PGF(2alpha). U parvum demonstrated the mildest response with only IL-10 and TNF-alpha concentrations being higher with no detectible effect on PGs. CONCLUSION: Fetal membrane cytokine signatures of 4 different bacteria associated with PTB are distinct, suggesting that infection as a potential cause of PTB is not homogeneous in its presentation.
Authors: Daniel B DiGiulio; Roberto Romero; Juan Pedro Kusanovic; Ricardo Gómez; Chong Jai Kim; Kimberley S Seok; Francesca Gotsch; Shali Mazaki-Tovi; Edi Vaisbuch; Katherine Sanders; Elisabeth M Bik; Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa; Enrique Oyarzún; David A Relman Journal: Am J Reprod Immunol Date: 2010-03-21 Impact factor: 3.886
Authors: Brandie D Taylor; Toni Darville; Robert E Ferrell; Roberta B Ness; Catherine L Haggerty Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2012-12-18 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Irina A Buhimschi; Unzila A Nayeri; Christine A Laky; Sonya-Abdel Razeq; Antonette T Dulay; Catalin S Buhimschi Journal: Expert Opin Med Diagn Date: 2012-08-17