A novel strategy for avian species and gender identification using the CHD gene.

We report on a novel and rapid strategy for the simultaneous identification of both avian species and gender by analyzing a section of the CHD gene. The CHD gene is carried by the avian sex determining chromosomes where a female bird carries both a W and Z chromosome but a cock bird carries two copies of the Z chromosome. Two primer pairs, CHD1F/CHD1R and P2/P8, were used to amplify a part of the CHD gene from 144 samples corresponding to 58 avian species. For all species tested, two fragments were observed at least in one amplification for female samples. All tested species produced species specific size fragments allowing both sex determination and species identification using these primer pairs. However, special care is still warranted as so few samples have been characterised. This novel strategy for avian species and gender identification using the CHD gene was developed for a number of applications from ecology to forensic science. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.