BACKGROUND: The development of obesity is still a poorly understood process that is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how physical activity and the proportion of energy as protein in the diet modify the genetic variation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percentage body fat. DESIGN: Twins from Denmark (756 complete pairs) and Finland (278 complete pairs) aged 18-67 and 21-24 y, respectively, participated. The proportion of energy as protein in the diet was estimated by using food-frequency questionnaires. The participants reported the frequency and intensity of their leisure time physical activity. Waist circumference and BMI were measured. Percentage body fat was assessed in Denmark by using a bioelectrical impedance method. The data were analyzed by using gene-environment interaction models for twin data with the Mx statistical package (Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA). RESULTS: High physical activity was associated with lower mean values, and a high proportion of protein in the diet was associated with higher mean BMI, waist circumference, and percentage body fat and a reduction in genetic and environmental variances. Genetic modification by physical activity was statistically significant for BMI (-0.18; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.05) and waist circumference (-0.14; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.05) in the merged data. A high proportion of protein in the diet reduced genetic and environmental variances in BMI and waist circumference in Danish men but not in women or in Finnish men. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in physically active individuals, the genetic variation in weight is reduced, which possibly suggests that physical activity is able to modify the action of the genes responsible for predisposition to obesity, whereas the protein content of the diet has no appreciable effect.
BACKGROUND: The development of obesity is still a poorly understood process that is dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine how physical activity and the proportion of energy as protein in the diet modify the genetic variation of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percentage body fat. DESIGN: Twins from Denmark (756 complete pairs) and Finland (278 complete pairs) aged 18-67 and 21-24 y, respectively, participated. The proportion of energy as protein in the diet was estimated by using food-frequency questionnaires. The participants reported the frequency and intensity of their leisure time physical activity. Waist circumference and BMI were measured. Percentage body fat was assessed in Denmark by using a bioelectrical impedance method. The data were analyzed by using gene-environment interaction models for twin data with the Mx statistical package (Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA). RESULTS: High physical activity was associated with lower mean values, and a high proportion of protein in the diet was associated with higher mean BMI, waist circumference, and percentage body fat and a reduction in genetic and environmental variances. Genetic modification by physical activity was statistically significant for BMI (-0.18; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.05) and waist circumference (-0.14; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.05) in the merged data. A high proportion of protein in the diet reduced genetic and environmental variances in BMI and waist circumference in Danish men but not in women or in Finnish men. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in physically active individuals, the genetic variation in weight is reduced, which possibly suggests that physical activity is able to modify the action of the genes responsible for predisposition to obesity, whereas the protein content of the diet has no appreciable effect.
Authors: Jeanne M McCaffery; George D Papandonatos; Dale S Bond; Michael J Lyons; Rena R Wing Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2009-02-18 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: C Bouchard; A Tremblay; J P Després; A Nadeau; P J Lupien; G Thériault; J Dussault; S Moorjani; S Pinault; G Fournier Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 1990-05-24 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: K Schousboe; P M Visscher; B Erbas; K O Kyvik; J L Hopper; J E Henriksen; B L Heitmann; T I A Sørensen Journal: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord Date: 2004-01
Authors: Karoline Schousboe; Gonneke Willemsen; Kirsten O Kyvik; Jakob Mortensen; Dorret I Boomsma; Belinda K Cornes; Chayna J Davis; Corrado Fagnani; Jacob Hjelmborg; Jaakko Kaprio; Marlies De Lange; Michelle Luciano; Nicholas G Martin; Nancy Pedersen; Kirsi H Pietiläinen; Aila Rissanen; Suoma Saarni; Thorkild I A Sørensen; G Caroline M Van Baal; Jennifer R Harris Journal: Twin Res Date: 2003-10
Authors: Jan Machal; Jan Novak; Renata Hezova; Filip Zlamal; Anna Vasku; Ondrej Slaby; Julie Bienertova-Vasku Journal: Genes Nutr Date: 2015-08-26 Impact factor: 5.523
Authors: Patricia Jumbo-Lucioni; Julien F Ayroles; Michelle Moses Chambers; Katherine W Jordan; Jeff Leips; Trudy Fc Mackay; Maria De Luca Journal: BMC Genomics Date: 2010-05-11 Impact factor: 3.969
Authors: Amany K Elshorbagy; Maria Valdivia-Garcia; Dwight A L Mattocks; Jason D Plummer; A David Smith; Christian A Drevon; Helga Refsum; Carmen E Perrone Journal: J Lipid Res Date: 2010-09-25 Impact factor: 5.922