Voiding dysfunction and hysterectomy.

In 1969, Hanley's publication on urological sequelae posthysterectomy was one of the first to address this issue. Since then, many articles have been published on the subject, but results of the various publications have not been consistent. Over time, surgeons have gained substantial knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the female pelvis and its viscera. Our understanding of surgical techniques and surgical innovations has also improved. Knowledge, understanding, and innovation have led to speculation regarding a cause and effect relationship of hysterectomy to lower urinary tract symptoms. Unfortunately, results of the publications since Hanley's have been inconsistent and despite our advances since 1969, only continue to lead to speculation.