BACKGROUND: We examined whether smoking or drinking during or before the diagnosis-year of oral cancer or oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) was related to "subsequent depression" measured months after the oral diagnosis. METHODS: Incident cases of oral cancer or OED were identified via 3 oral pathology laboratories. A telephone-administered questionnaire included questions on smoking/drinking history through the diagnosis-year and measured depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D); scores of 16+ indicated clinical depression. "Subsequent depression" was defined as a CES-D score of 16+, measured at the time of assessment several months after the diagnosis of oral cancer or OED. RESULTS: Patients who smoked during their diagnosis-year had twice the odds of subsequent depression relative to former/never smokers. Diagnosis-year (vs never/former) drinking was not associated with depression; however, average alcohol consumption of >1.5 drinks/week was negatively associated with subsequent depression for both diagnosis-year and ex-drinkers (past reported drinking) even among heavy drinkers. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that subsequent depression is positively associated with diagnosis-year smoking and negatively associated with alcohol consumption of >1.5 drinks/week among both diagnosis-year and ex-drinkers.
BACKGROUND: We examined whether smoking or drinking during or before the diagnosis-year of oral cancer or oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) was related to "subsequent depression" measured months after the oral diagnosis. METHODS: Incident cases of oral cancer or OED were identified via 3 oral pathology laboratories. A telephone-administered questionnaire included questions on smoking/drinking history through the diagnosis-year and measured depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D); scores of 16+ indicated clinical depression. "Subsequent depression" was defined as a CES-D score of 16+, measured at the time of assessment several months after the diagnosis of oral cancer or OED. RESULTS:Patients who smoked during their diagnosis-year had twice the odds of subsequent depression relative to former/never smokers. Diagnosis-year (vs never/former) drinking was not associated with depression; however, average alcohol consumption of >1.5 drinks/week was negatively associated with subsequent depression for both diagnosis-year and ex-drinkers (past reported drinking) even among heavy drinkers. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that subsequent depression is positively associated with diagnosis-year smoking and negatively associated with alcohol consumption of >1.5 drinks/week among both diagnosis-year and ex-drinkers.
Authors: Xavier Castellsagué; Maria Jesús Quintana; Maria Carmen Martínez; Adoración Nieto; Maria José Sánchez; Amparo Juan; Antoni Monner; Marta Carrera; Antoni Agudo; Miquel Quer; Nubia Muñoz; Rolando Herrero; Silvia Franceschi; F Xavier Bosch Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2004-02-20 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Alfredo Gea; Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez; Estefania Toledo; Almudena Sanchez-Villegas; Maira Bes-Rastrollo; Jorge M Nuñez-Cordoba; Carmen Sayon-Orea; Juan J Beunza Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2012-11-07 Impact factor: 3.295